NLRP3 inflammasome activity is upregulated in an in-vitro model of COPD exacerbation

Abstract

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by a progressive and irreversible deterioration of lung function. Exacerbations of COPD have prolonged negative effects on pulmonary function and a major impact on health status and outcomes. NLRP3 inflammasome is a cardinal component of the inflammatory response, with marked evidence in stable and exacerbations of COPD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the NLRP3 inflammasome activity during COPD exacerbation by using an in vitro model. Methods A549 cells were stimulated with different concentrations (10%, 4%, 2%) of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) with or without LPS (0.1μg/ml) for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed by using XTT test. Levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, MCP-1, and IL-1β) were measured by ELISA and the activity level of NLRP-3 was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Cells exposed to CSE present an increase in inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and MCP-1) production in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with LPS to these cells results in higher levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 compared to stimulation of CSE alone. NLRP3 inflammasome activity and IL-1β levels were significantly increased in cells exposed to both CSE and LPS compared to CSE alone. Conclusions NLRP3 inflammasome is upregulated in an in-vitro model of COPD and COPD exacerbation. Our findings provide novel biomarkers for COPD exacerbation and may present new targets for future research.

The complex interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome: a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders

“…The NLRP3 inflammasome has attracted much attention as a therapeutic target, due to its disease‐inducing roles in many inflammatory diseases, including arthropathy, COPD, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and severe asthma 5,6,8–10,66,67 . For instance, the essential role of NLRP3 inflammasome is well presented in multiple chronic inflammatory lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD.…”

“…Inflammasomes are innate immune system mediators that induce and regulate inflammation upon challenge by pathogens and environmental allergens. They are linked to a myriad of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 3–10 …”

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Primary Infection and Dissemination: A Critical Role for Alveolar Epithelial Cells

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