NMDA receptors are involved at the ventrolateral nucleus tractus solitarii for termination of inspiration

I, Berger; Gillis, Richard A.; Vitagliano, S.; Panico, William H.; Magee, Shawn; Kelly, Michael J.; Norman, Wesley P.; McManigle, John E.; DaSilva, Angelo M. Taveira

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00073-t

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, late-inspiratory DRG neurons that are thought to play a role in terminating inspiration are driven by inputs from the respiratory oscillator as well as vagal lung inflation afferents (19,20,28). In further support of a role of the DRG in controlling I-duration independent of vagal afferent input is the finding by Berger et al (14) that blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the DRG reduced respiratory rate and prolonged I-duration in both vagus intact and vagotomized cats.…”

Section: Did Muscimol Act Within the Ltf Or Spread To Other Medullarymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This included three cats in which we had previously (30 -60 min earlier) injected muscimol into the vicinity of the VRG. The DRG contains inspiratory premotor neurons as well as neurons that are in close association with terminals of glossopharyngeal and vagal lung inflation afferents (14,20,22,27,43,58). For DRG injections, the micropipette was positioned 2.4 mm lateral to the midline, 1.7 mm below the dorsal surface in tracks located 0.5 and 1.5 mm rostral to the obex.…”

Section: Microinjectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LTF injection sites were considerably more than 0.5 mm from medullary regions known to be involved in control of PNA (DRG, VRG, Bötz-inger complex; Refs. 2,14,20,23,49,58) and SND (NTS, CVLM, and RVLM; Refs. 7-12, 30, 43, 45, 46).…”

Section: Did Muscimol Act Within the Ltf Or Spread To Other Medullarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge

Phillips¹,

Gebber²,

Barman³

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Phillips, Shaun W., Gerard L. Gebber, and Susan M. Barman. Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R1396 -R1410, 2005. First published December 16, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00632.2004.-We used spectral analysis and event-triggered averaging to determine the effects of chemical inactivation of the medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF) on 1) the relationship of intratracheal pressure (ITP, an index of vagal lung inflation afferent activity) to sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and 2) central respiratory rate in paralyzed, artificially ventilated dial-urethane-anesthetized cats. ITP-SND coherence value at the frequency of artificial ventilation was significantly (P Ͻ 0.05; n ϭ 18) reduced from 0.73 Ϯ 0.04 (mean Ϯ SE) to 0.24 Ϯ 0.04 after bilateral microinjection of muscimol into the LTF. Central respiratory rate was unexpectedly increased in 12 of these experiments (0.28 Ϯ 0.03 vs. 0.95 Ϯ 0.25 Hz). The ITP-PNA coherence value was variably affected by chemical inactivation of the LTF. It was unchanged when central respiratory rate was also not altered, decreased when respiratory rate was increased above the rate of artificial ventilation, and increased when respiratory rate was raised from a value below the rate of artificial ventilation to the same frequency as the ventilator. Chemical inactivation of the LTF increased central respiratory rate in four of six vagotomized cats but did not significantly affect the PNA-SND coherence value. These data demonstrate that the LTF 1) plays a critical role in mediating the effects of vagal lung inflation afferents on SND but not PNA, 2) helps maintain central respiratory rate in the physiological range, but 3) is not involved in the coupling of central respiratory and sympathetic circuits. cardiorespiratory synchronization; dorsal respiratory group; HeringBreuer reflex; phrenic nerve activity; respiratory-related rhythm; ventral respiratory group IT HAS LONG BEEN RECOGNIZED that neural mechanisms controlling the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are tightly linked (25,34,38,49,55). This interaction facilitates the complementary functions of the two systems: respiration maintains appropriate levels of arterial blood gases, while the cardiovascular system transports these gases to and from tissues. One indication of this cardiorespiratory coordination was noted by Adrian et al. (1) in 1932 when they made the first recordings of sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). They found that the amplitude of the cardiac-related bursts of SND waxed and waned on the time scale of the respiratory cycle. There are at least two sources of respiratory modulation of SND: input from vagal lung inflation afferents and an influence of the respiratory rhythm generator on central sympathetic neurons (4 -6, 21, 25, 33-35, 59). Although some investigators (38, 49) have proposed that there is a common network controlling bo...

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Section: Did Muscimol Act Within the Ltf Or Spread To Other Medullarymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Microinjectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge

Phillips¹,

Gebber²,

Barman³

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Microinjection of non-NMDA receptor antagonists into the medial NTS has no effect on inspiratory or expiratory duration [16]. In our laboratory we see no evidence of a reduction in inspiratory drive after non-NMDA receptor blockade within the ventrolateral NTS [19] or the pre-botzinger area (unless NMDA receptors are also blocked) [20]. Liu and colleagues [18] demonstrated that, at least in the neonatal rat brain stem spinal cord preparation, non-NMDA receptors at the phrenic motor nucleus are the primary receptors mediating bulbospinal inspiratory drive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Respiratory Depression Produced by Intravenously Administered NBQX

McManigle

Gillis²,

Dretchen³

et al. 1998

Pharmacology

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To determine whether blockade of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) excitatory amino acid receptors affects breathing, we administered the non-NMDA receptor antagonist, 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX), to anesthetized cats while monitoring phrenic nerve discharge, blood pressure and heart rate. NBQX, 3 and 10 mg/kg, i.v., reduced phrenic amplitude 59 ± 20% (n = 3) and 88 ± 6% (n = 5), respectively, and decreased respiratory rate. Phrenic activity was completely silenced in 3 animals. These effects were accompanied by decreased blood pressure and heart rate. Our data indicate that NBQX, a competitive antagonist of non-NMDA receptors, is a powerful depressant of cardiorespiratory activity.

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“…Activa-tion of central NMDA receptors by microinjection of their agonist: N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) to the respiratory-related neurones of the nucleus tractus solitarii was described to evoke apnoeas and prolongation of expiration in the rat (Bonham et al, 1993;Berger et al, 1995). NMDA receptors are expressed in autonomic and sensory ganglia (Shigemoto et al, 1992) and in all regions of the lungs and airways in rats (Dickman et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid sinus nerve section abolishes NMDA evoked respiratory effects in anaesthetised rats

Kaczyńska¹,

Szereda-Przestaszewska²

2005

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Respiratory effects of NMDA injection into the right atrium were investigated in 11 urethane-chloralose anaesthetised and spontaneously breathing rats. The animals were initially vagotomised and six of them were subdued to the subsequent carotid sinus nerve section, and the other five were treated by NMDA antagonist. Bolus injection of NMDA (27 mol/kg) induced the depression of ventilation in all rats, due to the decrease in tidal volume from a baseline of 2.98 ± 0.4 to 2.63 ± 0.3 ml (P < 0.01), and slowing down of the respiratory rate from a baseline of 56 ± 2.6 to 27 ± 2.0 breaths min −1 (P < 0.0001). Section of the carotid sinus nerves (CSNs) precluded the respiratory depression. Prolongation of the expiratory time was reduced by this neurotomy from 5.07 ± 2.6 to 1.04 ± 0.03 (P < 0.05). In five rats the blockade of NMDA receptors with the selective antagonist (AP-7) was likewise efficient in eliminating the post-NMDA respiratory response. NMDA increased mean arterial blood pressure and this rise occurred beyond the afferentation from the carotid bodies and the blockade of NMDA receptors. Results of this study indicate that inhibition of the respiratory drive evoked by NMDA administered via the peripheral circulation requires intact carotid bodies and activation of NMDA receptors.

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NMDA receptors are involved at the ventrolateral nucleus tractus solitarii for termination of inspiration

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge

Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge

Respiratory Depression Produced by Intravenously Administered NBQX

Carotid sinus nerve section abolishes NMDA evoked respiratory effects in anaesthetised rats

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