NMR‐based metabolomics in wine science

Abstract

As metabolomics is becoming an emerging field of 'omics' research, NMR serves as one of the major analytical approaches of the decade in metabolomic study, producing information-rich, highly reliable and reproducible data set in non-targeted or global and multivariate statistical analysis. Recently, NMR is successfully being used to characterize wine and find an association of wine metabolite with environmental and fermentative factors in vineyard and making wine. This review describes important analytical features and recent applications in/of NMR-based metabolomics in wine science.

Effects of different vinification technologies on physical and chemical characteristics of Sauvignon blanc wines

“…Moreover, the absence of pre-treatments avoided time-and chemical-consuming extractions and/or any external contamination. Furthermore, the automation routines, together with the absence of pre-treatments and the high intrinsic reproducibility of NMR (Alonso-Salces et al, 2010;Hong, 2011;Monakhova et al, 2011;Son et al, 2008;Ward et al, 2010), allowed fast and unreplicated measurements. Finally, the reduction in the chemicals consumed and waste generated decreased the contribution to environmental pollution and health problems.…”

“…In this work single measurements for each sample were carried out for a total of 12 analyses (3 vinification replicates  4 vinification techniques), since NMR is well known to be highly reliable in terms of repeatability and reproducibility, as reported in many works dealing with food analyses (Alonso-Salces et al, 2010;Hong, 2011;Longobardi et al, 2012;Monakhova et al, 2011;Son et al, 2008;Ward et al, 2010).…”

“…As can be seen, the important multi-suppression of the solvent signals allowed an increase in the receiver gain to 16, thus increasing the signal-to-noise ratio: this procedure made it possible to observe clearly the wine profiles without any time-consuming sample pre-treatment, such as freeze-drying, which may result in the loss of volatile species. The most important signals observed for each samples were assigned by comparison with data reported in the literature (Clark et al, 2006;Hong, 2011;Son et al, 2008;Du, Bai, Xu, & Mai-Li, 2007;Consonni, Cagliani, Guantieri, & Simonato, 2011).…”

Wine science in the metabolomics era

“…One of the most common techniques used for evaluating the effect of the terroir on the metabolomics profile of wines and grapes has been NMR [29,30].…”

NMR-based metabolomics in wine quality control and authentication

“…Wine is an important commodity with a high added value, not only from a historical, but also from an economic point of view, especially for wine-producing countries, and thus a great deal of research has been devoted in NMR applications in wine analysis [6][7][8]. The main advantage of NMR spectroscopy is that it offers a facile and rapid way to obtain the chemical composition of grapes, grape juice, must, and wine, and identify a large variety of minor organic compounds (metabolite profiling), including amino acids [9], organic acids and alcohols [10,11], sugars, and phenolic compounds [12].…”