NMR characterization of hydration and thermal stress in tomato fruit cuticles

Yan, Bing; Stanley-Fernandez, Suzanne M.; Chen, Zhenjia; Garbow, Joel R.

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.08.016

Cited by 11 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As demonstrated previously for related plant cutin and suberin polymers, 26,44 these comparisons gauge the prevalence of microsecond molecular motions at those structural sites. The proportions for iep and oep cutins are similar (~0.6) at the MG developmental stage, but drop to ~0.4 for dewaxed RR outer epidermal tomato cutin, as expected if some branching occurs via midchain hydroxyl groups within supramolecular structures of the cutin polyester or with the associated cell-wall polysaccharides.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Solid-State ¹³C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles

et al. 2015

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Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. They also provide renewable raw materials for cosmetics, packaging, and coatings. To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. The hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Solid-State ¹³C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles

et al. 2015

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“…22,28,37,38,44,61,63−66 Thus, measurements of alkyl chain flexibility were undertaken as a proxy for periderm resiliency and a prelude to tests of mechanical performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, insufficient flexibility has been proposed to promote cracking of the polymeric veneer of fruit cuticles that increases water permeability. 22,66 Viewed together, it seems reasonable to attribute the greater stiffness and more brittle texture of the FHT-RNAi periderm to the redirection of ferulic acid moieties so that ordered stacking is favored rather than esterification to alkyl chains. Although the chain (CH 2 ) n groups exhibit similar nanosecond motions to wild-type periderm (Figure 6), a greater fraction of them are “liquidlike” (Figure 4D) and presumably less tethered by other cell-wall constituents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, previous ssNMR studies have yielded important structural information on cutin, the cell wall biopolyester in the epidermis of leaves, young shoots, and fruits. 16,19−22 Information derived from ssNMR has also been reported on suberin from industrial cork 23−26 and from potato tuber periderm. Whereas most studies of potato suberin by ssNMR and FT-IR methods have used the wound periderm, 9,27−31 recently the native tuber periderm has also been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deconstructing a Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance of Natural and Engineered Potato Suberins

et al. 2014

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Periderms present in plant barks are essential protective barriers to water diffusion, mechanical breakdown, and pathogenic invasion. They consist of densely packed layers of dead cells with cell walls that are embedded with suberin. Understanding the interplay of molecular structure, dynamics, and biomechanics in these cell wall-associated insoluble amorphous polymeric assemblies presents substantial investigative challenges. We report solid-state NMR coordinated with FT-IR and tensile strength measurements for periderms from native and wound-healing potatoes and from potatoes with genetically modified suberins. The analyses include the intact suberin aromatic–aliphatic polymer and cell-wall polysaccharides, previously reported soluble depolymerized transmethylation products, and undegraded residues including suberan. Wound-healing suberized potato cell walls, which are 2 orders of magnitude more permeable to water than native periderms, display a strikingly enhanced hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance, a degradation-resistant aromatic domain, and flexibility suggestive of an altered supramolecular organization in the periderm. Suppression of ferulate ester formation in suberin and associated wax remodels the periderm with more flexible aliphatic chains and abundant aromatic constituents that can resist transesterification, attenuates cooperative hydroxyfatty acid motions, and produces a mechanically compromised and highly water-permeable periderm.

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“…The tomato genome was sequenced in 2012 (Sato et al 2012); therefore, annotations of tomato gene expression arrays provided by manufacturers can now be more precise using the information. Furthermore, metabolomic approaches based on chromatographic separation techniques connected with mass spectrometry (MS) as well as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) have been widely used for tomato metabolomics research because metabolites have beneficial traits such as taste, fragrance, softness and colour and are the ultimate phenotypic representatives of homeostasis in highly complex biochemical networks (Bovy et al 2007, Deshmukh et al 2003, Kusano et al 2011a, Le Gall et al 2003, Moco et al 2008, Stark et al 2008, Tikunov et al 2005). Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current challenges and future potential of tomato breeding using omics approaches

Kusano

Fukushima

2013

Breed. Sci.

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As tomatoes are one of the most important vegetables in the world, improvements in the quality and yield of tomato are strongly required. For this purpose, omics approaches such as metabolomics and transcriptomics are used not only for basic research to understand relationships between important traits and metabolism but also for the development of next generation breeding strategies of tomato plants, because an increase in the knowledge improves the taste and quality, stress resistance and/or potentially health-beneficial metabolites and is connected to improvements in the biochemical composition of tomatoes. Such omics data can be applied to network analyses to potentially reveal unknown cellular regulatory networks in tomato plants. The high-quality tomato genome that was sequenced in 2012 will likely accelerate the application of omics strategies, including next generation sequencing for tomato breeding. In this review, we highlight the current studies of omics network analyses of tomatoes and other plant species, in particular, a gene coexpression network. Key applications of omics approaches are also presented as case examples to improve economically important traits for tomato breeding.

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NMR characterization of hydration and thermal stress in tomato fruit cuticles

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Solid-State ¹³C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles

Solid-State ¹³C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles

Deconstructing a Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance of Natural and Engineered Potato Suberins

Current challenges and future potential of tomato breeding using omics approaches

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NMR characterization of hydration and thermal stress in tomato fruit cuticles

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Solid-State 13C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles

Solid-State 13C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles

Deconstructing a Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance of Natural and Engineered Potato Suberins

Current challenges and future potential of tomato breeding using omics approaches

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Solid-State ¹³C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles

Solid-State ¹³C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles