NMR Metabolomics to Revisit the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection in Nicotiana tabacum Leaves

Abstract

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection of tobacco is a well-known and extensively studied model system for which a number of genes and proteins involved in the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) have been characterized. Little is known about the metabolic changes connected with the infection and SAR. Here we describe the use of NMR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis to study the metabolic changes. Particularly 2-D NMR methods, such as 2-D J-resolved spectra and their projected spectra, are shown to be powerful tools in the metabolomic studies. The macroscopic view of the metabolomes obtained by NMR spectroscopy of crude extracts enabled the identification of a series of totally different metabolites that seem connected with resistance, such as the clearly increased 5-caffeoylquinic acid, alpha-linolenic acid analogues, and sesqui- and diterpenoids in the infected plant parts.

Induction, characterization, and NMR-based metabolic profiling of adventitious root cultures from leaf explants of Gynura procumbens

“…5c). It is well known that the doublet signal with a coupling constant of J = 16.0 Hz between d 6.20-d 6.50 represents the H-8 proton of phenylpropanoids (Choi et al 2006). The six major doublets of H-8 proton of phenylpropanoids were confirmed by a correlation with the H-7 proton in the region of d 7.45-d 7.65 in the COSY spectrum (Fig.…”

“…The assignments of NMR signals were made based on the previous reports (Choi et al 2006;Leiss et al 2009) and the database of metabolites spectra from the Natural Products Laboratory, Leiden University, The Netherlands. In principal, a 1 H-NMR spectrum is divided into three regions, i.e.…”

Metabolomics: what's new?

“…But for all methods, one should also consider the time needed for extraction and sample preparation, which in the case of GC is far more complicated, as a chemical derivatization step is required, whereas in the case of NMR the extraction can be done with the deuterated NMR solvent. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] …”

“…These tools can be applied in a broad variety of applications: quality control of medicinal plants (Ephedra spp., [24] Ginkgo biloba [25] ), plant resistance against pests and diseases (Senecio spp., [26] Brassica rapa, [27] Catharanthus roseus, [28] tobacco [29] ), identifi cation of active compounds in medicinal plants (Galphimia glauca [30] ), and chemotaxonomy (Ilex spp., [31] cannabis, [32] Strychnos spp. [33] ).…”

An introduction to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry instrumentation applied in plant metabolomic analyses

“…chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is capable of detecting all metabolites within a given biological sample Hall, 2006;Allwood et al, 2008). Over the past decade many methods for the high-throughput metabolomic analysis of plant derived samples have been established for gas chromatography combined with MS (GC-MS; Fiehn et al, 2000;Fernie et al, 2004;Lisec et al, 2006), direct injection mass spectrometry (DIMS; Goodacre et al, 2003;Catchpole et al, 2005;Allwood et al, 2006), liquid chromatography MS (LC-MS; Tolstikov et al, 2003;Jander et al, 2004;von Roepenack-Lahaye et al, 2004;Vorst et al, 2005;Moco et al, 2006;Rischer et al, 2006;De Vos et al, 2007), capillary electrophoresis MS (CE-MS; Sato et al, 2004), and 1 H-NMR (Ratcliff e and Shachar-Hill, 2001;Le Gall et al, 2003;Ward et al, 2003;Choi et al, 2004Choi et al, , 2006. 1 H-NMR has proven to be an appropriate tool for untargeted plant metabolomics, especially where studies focus upon samples that contain highly abundant bulk metabolite species, for example sugars in fruits (Biais et al, 2009).…”