NMR well logging at Schlumberger

Kleinberg, R.L.

doi:10.1002/cmr.1026

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Water content ϕ is the most easily derived parameter as it is directly proportional to the NMR signal amplitude. In the saturated zone, the NMR relaxation constants T1, T2, and T2* are correlated with pore diameter, as has been demonstrated across a large body of applied research (Kenyon et al , Kleinberg , Dunn et al ). The science of borehole NMR in saturated media has benefited from 20 years of continuous and widespread use in the petroleum sector, and is considered a mature science (Coates et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Surface NMR instrumentation and methods for detecting and characterizing water in the vadose zone

Walsh

Grunewald

Turner

et al. 2013

Near Surface Geophysics

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A commercially available surface NMR instrument was modified to address the challenges of using earth's field surface NMR to detect and characterize water in the unsaturated (or vadose) zone. The modified instrument incorporates faster switching electronics to achieve an instrument dead time of 2.8 ms, and higher output power electronics to enable a maximum coil voltage of 8000 volts and coil current of 800 amps. The instrument was used to collect and interpret surface NMR data at several active vadose zone investigation sites in the western US. A 6-week surface NMR experiment was conducted at a managed aquifer storage and recovery facility in Arizona, to explore the measurement capabilities and limitations of the instrument, during a managed infiltration event. The resulting time lapse surface NMR data were used to map zones of held water prior to the flood event, image the influx of water through the top 15 metres of the subsurface during and after the event, quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of infiltrating water throughout the event, and characterize the distribution of water in different relative pore sizes throughout the event. Data obtained at pseudo-static vadose zone investigation sites indicate that the surface NMR instrument can detect and image some forms of water held in unconsolidated vadose zone formations, at depths up to 30 metres. Complementary NMR logging data indicate that the surface NMR instrument does not detect all of the water held in these pseudo-static formations, but that the non-invasive surface NMR data may yield valuable information nonetheless.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Surface NMR instrumentation and methods for detecting and characterizing water in the vadose zone

Walsh

Grunewald

Turner

et al. 2013

Near Surface Geophysics

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“…During the same time period that NUMAR was acquiring the Jackson patent and attempting to improve the prototype, Schlumberger researchers [38] were pursuing a different approach to adapt the interesting "inside-out" approach of Jackson. To improve the signal-to-noise problem they decided on using a skid-type tool, eventually called the CMR * tool.…”

Section: Schlumberger Cmr and Subsequent Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Magnetic Logging

Ellis

Singer²

2007

Well Logging for Earth Scientists

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“…Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fits into this general class of subsurface investigation tools and can fill some of the current needs for environmental investigations while offering some unique advantages. The principles of NMR are well established and the general technology has already been validated by more than 50 years of development and innovation by the petroleum exploration industry (Brown & Gamson, ; Coates, Xiao, & Prammer, ; Kleinberg, ). The very recent development of small‐diameter, economical, and portable NMR tools (Walsh et al., ) now permits the noninvasive use of this technology within existing polyvinyl chloride (PVC)‐cased well infrastructure or open holes, which provides repeatability for long‐term monitoring with low costs, as well as a direct‐push approach that enables reconnaissance site characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear magnetic resonance logging: Example applications of an emerging tool for environmental investigations

Spurlin

Barker

Cross

et al. 2019

Remediation Journal

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) geophysical tools have been widely used in the petroleum exploration industry since the 1960s and have improved significantly in the last two decades.These tools can provide estimates of bulk porosity and fluid content, quantification of bound versus mobile fluids, and estimates of hydraulic conductivity (K). Although the size and cost of oil-field tools historically limited their use for near-surface applications, smaller and more economical downhole NMR logging tools are now available for detecting and characterizing the formation water content and K to support environmental and groundwater resource investigations. These tools can be deployed using direct-push drilling techniques or they can be lowered into existing open borings or wells with nonconductive polyvinyl chloride casings and screens.In many cases, using the tool in existing wells offers a safer and more cost-effective alternative compared to drilling new boreholes. For environmental investigations, NMR can provide useful high-resolution quantitative hydrostratigraphic information that can provide additional valuable data to further inform and refine the conceptual site model. This paper highlights several NMR field investigations that demonstrate the viability of this technology as a site characterization tool for near-surface investigations. NMR measurements were compared to data from lithologic logs, cone penetrometer testing data, and prior field hydraulic tests. Use of NMR to detect vadose zone water, including previously unidentified perched groundwater zones, provided hydrostratigraphic details that could not be gleaned from historical well drilling logs and were used to evaluate drainable pore water versus pore water bound in small pores by capillary forces or electrochemically clay-bond water. NMR also produced K estimates similar to those from conventional hydraulic tests, but the improved vertical resolution from NMR provided additional information regarding the vertical heterogeneity of the formation along the entire length of the well or borehole. Additionally, bench-scale tests are presented that confirm the capability for NMR to reliably detect and quantify light nonaqueous phase liquid saturation (specifically diesel fuel and weathered gasoline) in situ. The field tests combined with bench-scale testing results affirm the applicability and potential for NMR as a practical characterization tool that should increasingly be utilized in environmental investigations. K E Y W O R D Sconceptual site model, environmental investigations, groundwater, LNAPL, mill tailings, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, remediation, vadose zone INTRODUCTIONOver the past decade, it has become more widely understood that more detailed understandings of the hydrostratigraphic framework are needed to support conceptual site model development, remediation system design, and system operation/optimization, particularly for complex geological settings. There are several high-resolution tools and techniques that have been developed ...

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NMR well logging at Schlumberger

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Surface NMR instrumentation and methods for detecting and characterizing water in the vadose zone

Surface NMR instrumentation and methods for detecting and characterizing water in the vadose zone

Nuclear Magnetic Logging

Nuclear magnetic resonance logging: Example applications of an emerging tool for environmental investigations

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