NMRD Assessment of Gd-DTPA-bis(methoxyethylamide), (Gd-DTPA-BMEA), a Nonionic MRI Agent

Abstract

Based on their 1/T1 NMRD profiles, the efficacy of the three agents should be identical in typical clinical MRI applications. The data can be fit reliably to theory, and differences in the fit parameters (and structure) have no effect on the three profiles at 35 degrees C. The relatively long values of tau M for the two neutral agents would only be of importance at low temperatures.

Efficiency, thermodynamic and kinetic stability of marketed gadolinium chelates and their possible clinical consequences: a critical review

“…When measured in water, the r 1 and r 2 relaxivities obtained for non-protein-binding chelates are fairly similar, in the field range from 0.47 T to 4.7 T. Gd-DOTA is nevertheless characterized by a higher low field relaxivity (0.005-0.05 T) in comparison to other non-protein-binding chelates due to its longer electronic relaxation time related to the high symmetry and rigidity of this chelate (Benmelouka et al 2006). The water residence time of bisamide chelate (Gd-DTPA-BMA and Gd-DTPA-BMEA) has also been demonstrated to be longer than that of other chelates (Caravan et al 1999;Adzamli et al 1999). However, the relaxivity of these chelates at 37°C is not limited by this increase of the water residence time.…”

“…The NMRD profiles of the marketed gadolinium chelates recorded at 37°C in water were recently published (Laurent et al 2006;Adzamli et al 1999;Vander Elst et al 1997;Muller et al 1999). When measured in water, the r 1 and r 2 relaxivities obtained for non-protein-binding chelates are fairly similar, in the field range from 0.47 T to 4.7 T. Gd-DOTA is nevertheless characterized by a higher low field relaxivity (0.005-0.05 T) in comparison to other non-protein-binding chelates due to its longer electronic relaxation time related to the high symmetry and rigidity of this chelate (Benmelouka et al 2006).…”

Gadobenate dimeglumine‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial metastases: Effect of dose on lesion detection and delineation

“…At present, contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium‐based MR contrast agents is the diagnostic technique of choice for the detection of CNS metastases, offering greater sensitivity and specificity than unenhanced MRI and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (1–6). However, as regards the specific contrast agent to use for MRI of CNS metastases, there appears little to choose between the majority of agents available; traditional agents (i.e., gadopentetate dimeglumine, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany; gadoterate meglumine, Guerbet, Aulnay‐sous‐Bois, France; gadodiamide, Nycomed‐Amersham, Oslo, Norway; and gadoteridol, Bracco Imaging SpA, Milano, Italy), as well as newer agents, such as gadoversetamide (Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO) and new formulations of existing agents (e.g., gadovist, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany), all possess similar T1 relaxivities in plasma or protein‐containing aqueous solution (between 4.3–5.6 mM −1 second −1 ) (7–9) and may be expected to produce similar signal intensity (SI) enhancement when administered at equal dose. Studies at the recommended and approved standard dose of 0.1 mmol/kg of body weight have generally confirmed the similar diagnostic efficacy of these agents in MRI of CNS metastases (10–13) and other CNS pathologies (14–17).…”

The Developmental History of the Gadolinium Chelates as Intravenous Contrast Media for Magnetic Resonance

“…The first mention of this agent in the refereed radiology literature is in 1997, with the 3 important early descriptions appearing in 1999. The imaging division of Mallinckrodt, Inc, published in Investigative Radiology in 1999 the nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles of Gd-DTPA-BMEA, Gd-DTPA, and Gd-DTPA-BMA, 62 showing little difference between the 3 agents in terms of T1 relaxivity. Two clinical trials published in 1999 evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Gd-DTPA-BMEA in patients, one of them was a liver trial performed at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg 63 and the other was a study involving both CNS and liver evaluating a dose of 0.1 to 0.5 mmol/kg.…”