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Spange, Stefan; Fischer, Kristin M.; Prause, Silvio; Heinze, Thomas

doi:10.1023/a:1025197520736

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…21 Points (i) to (iii) can now be employed to explain the results shown in Tables 2 and 3. If decrystallization were rate limiting, and considering that the equilibria shown in Equations 2 and 3 occur prior to decrystallization, then the activation parameters calculated represent the sum of the three reactions.…”

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

A physical organic chemistry approach to dissolution of cellulose: effects of cellulose mercerization on its properties and on the kinetics of its decrystallization

Ramos¹,

Morgado²,

Gessner³

et al. 2011

Arkivoc

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The effects of alkali treatment on the structural characteristics of cotton linters and sisal cellulose samples have been studied. Mercerization results in a decrease in the indices of crystallinity and the degrees of polymerization, and an increase in the α-cellulose contents of the samples. The relevance of the structural properties of cellulose to its dissolution is probed by studying the kinetics of cellulose decrystallization, prior to its solubilization in LiCl/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Our data show that the decrystallization rate constants and activation parameters are only slightly dependent on the physico-chemical properties of the starting celluloses. This multistep reaction is accompanied by a small enthalpy and large, negative, entropy of activation. These results are analyzed in terms of the interactions within the biopolymer chains during decrystallization, as well as those between the two ions of the electrolyte and both DMAc and cellulose.

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Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

A physical organic chemistry approach to dissolution of cellulose: effects of cellulose mercerization on its properties and on the kinetics of its decrystallization

Ramos¹,

Morgado²,

Gessner³

et al. 2011

Arkivoc

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show abstract

“…Unfortunately, the well established a indicator Fe(phen) 2 (CN) 2 dye 1 (Scheme 2) is completely insoluble in dry RTILs. 28,29 Therefore, a specific solvatochromic probe is required which measures the a value as independent as possible of other influences of the solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New aspects on the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) strength of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids

et al. 2008

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“…However, with the potential number of ILs that can be synthesised in theory being close to a billion 7 , the use of a priori methods provides a much-needed and very useful means to investigate ILs for the pretreatment or dissolution of biomass. The empirical Kamlet-Taft model parameters 53 1 The Kamlet-Taft parameters are useful for understanding IL-lignocellulose interactions through arguments relating to hydrogen-bond acceptor and donor strengths (usually for IL anions). However, concepts such as hydrogen bonding may not be sufficient to understand and predict interactions between ILs and lignocellulose, for which there are many other factors that require consideration.…”

Section: Use Of a Priori Methods For Screening Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

critical review of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Reddy¹

2015

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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HOW TO CITE:Reddy P. A critical review of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. S Afr J Sci. 2015;111(11/12), Art. #2015-0083, 9 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10. 17159/ sajs.2015/20150083 Ionic liquids have been the subject of active research over the course of the last decade and have in the past been touted as one of the most promising technologies for revolutionising the chemical and petrochemical industries. The sheer abundance of potential ionic liquid structures coupled with their tuneable physico-chemical properties has endeared ionic liquids to the scientific community across a broad range of disciplines with potential applications that include pharmaceuticals, electrolytes, thermal energy storage media and liquid mirror telescopes. Within the context of a biorefinery for the production of biofuels and other bio-based products from renewable resources, the unique abilities of some ionic liquids to selectively dissolve biomass components or whole native biomass have been demonstrated. This ability has sparked extensive investigations of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of different biomass types, particularly for the production of cellulosic biofuels. However, the esoteric nature of ionic liquids persists and constructing a fundamental framework for correlating ionic liquid structures with useful applications remains a significant challenge. In addition to the above, the more practical challenges of toxicity, high costs, high viscosities, low solids loading and complex recycling are key factors hindering the wide-scale uptake of ionic liquids as pretreatment solvents in a commercial biorefinery. This critical review provides insights from academic studies and the implications thereof for elevating ionic liquids from the status of 'promising' to 'commercialisable' in the pretreatment of biomass. It is vital that key hurdles for the commercialisation of ionic liquids in the form of high costs, high viscosities, poor water tolerance, toxicity, low solids loading and recovery/recycling be addressed.

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Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

A physical organic chemistry approach to dissolution of cellulose: effects of cellulose mercerization on its properties and on the kinetics of its decrystallization

A physical organic chemistry approach to dissolution of cellulose: effects of cellulose mercerization on its properties and on the kinetics of its decrystallization

New aspects on the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) strength of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids

critical review of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

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