No. 15 Racism in Law Enforcement

The Effect of Self-Defense Laws on Firearm Use Among Criminal Offenders

“…This widespread negative view of the police among Black citizens has implications. First, it attenuates the likelihood that Black citizens will assist the police in solving crimes (Futterman et al, 2017). Many Black citizens' unwillingness to help law enforcement is thought to ultimately lower the likelihood of arrest of Black offenders (D'Alessio & Stolzenberg, 2003), which can result in an escalation in crime by reducing deterrence.…”

The “STICKINESS” of stigma: Guilt by association after a friend's arrest

“…Individuals with prior police contact have demonstrated avoidance of public institutions such as hospitals and schools because of fear of being detected by police in those settings (Goffman, 2009;Haskins & Jacobsen, 2017). Some adolescents also have reported that refraining from delinquent behavior is not enough to avoid police contact, so they take other measures to avoid arrest (Futterman et al, 2016;Weitzer & Brunson, 2009). One strategy to avoid police contact may be to associate with those not likely to be viewed as delinquent.…”

The Effects of Cross-Age Peer Mentoring on Adolescent Mentors of Color Residing in Low Income, Urban Communities

“…The city of Chicago, the location of the current study, is one of the more racially and economically segregated cities in the US (Henricks et al, 2017). Additionally, Chicago’s communities of color have been neglected by social services, economic investments, vocational education opportunities, extracurricular programing (Sharkey & Marstellar, 2022), and mental health services (O’Shea, 2012; Sun Times Staff, 2016) as well as hyper-surveilled by punitive governmental forces (Alexander, 2012; Futterman et al, 2016). These dynamics have contributed to the well-publicized and longstanding problem of high levels of community violence in some communities in Chicago (Swaine, 2014).…”