No Association between 2D:4D Ratio and Hunting Success among Hadza Hunters

Stibbard‐Hawkes, Duncan N. E.

doi:10.1007/s12110-019-09359-z

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Due to the egalitarian nature of many forager societies, in which meat is widely distributed throughout the group (Kaplan & Hill, ), this work suggests that women may be attracted to men with the capacity to acquire resources, rather than those who have resources. It is worth noting that recent work, assessing the link between Hadza hunting reputation, bow pull strength and bow and arrow aiming skill found no association with digit ratio in a relatively small sample (Stibbard‐hawkes, n.d.). A study with a larger sample size is needed to clarify this.…”

Section: Intersexual Selection—signaling Genetic Qualitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Human athletic paleobiology; using sport as a model to investigate human evolutionary adaptation

Longman

Wells²,

Stock

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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The use of sport as a conceptual framework offers unprecedented opportunities to improve our understanding of what the body does, shedding new light on our evolutionary trajectory, our capacity for adaptation, and the underlying biological mechanisms. This approach has gained traction over recent years. To date, sport has facilitated exploration not only of the evolutionary history of our species as a whole, but also of human variation and adaptation at the interindividual and intraindividual levels. At the species level, analysis of lower and upper limb biomechanics and energetics with respect to walking, running and throwing have led to significant advances in the understanding of human adaptations relative to other hominins. From an interindividual perspective, investigation of physical activity patterns and endurance running performance is affording greater understanding of evolved constraints of energy expenditure, thermoregulatory energetics, signaling theory, and morphological variation. Furthermore, ultra-endurance challenges provoke functional trade-offs, allowing new ground to be broken in the study of life history trade-offs and human adaptability. Human athletic paleobiology-the recruitment of athletes as study participants and the use of contemporary sports as a model for studying evolutionary theory-has great potential. Here, we draw from examples in the literature to provide a review of how the use of athletes as a model system is enhancing understanding of human evolutionary adaptation. K E Y W O R D S adaptation, human athletic paleobiology, human evolution, plasticity, sport 1 | INTRODUCTION The fossil record provides evidence about the form and physical characteristics of the human or hominin body, and their changes over time. However, a central challenge of hominin paleobiology is the interpretation of the body's function from its form; how do we walk, run, use tools, and move within the landscape, and how did these functions themselves evolve? Stemming from this, what is the nature of the physiological mechanisms that underpin observed variation in form and function? The use of sport as a conceptual framework offers unprecedented opportunities to improve our understanding of what the body does, shedding new light on our evolutionary trajectory, our capacity for adaptation, and the underlying biological mechanisms.There has been increasing interest in the model system provided by athletes to enhance our understanding of human evolutionary theory. To date, studies of athletes have facilitated exploration of three key levels of variation and adaptation within the field of human evolution ( Figure 1).

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Section: Intersexual Selection—signaling Genetic Qualitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Human athletic paleobiology; using sport as a model to investigate human evolutionary adaptation

Longman

Wells²,

Stock

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Moreover, the models including decade substantially outperformed the equivalent models excluding decade in a model selection (Table 3 .1). However, the 2013–14 dataset was collected as part of a wider study on men's hunting (Stibbard‐Hawkes, 2019 ; Stibbard‐Hawkes et al, 2018 ; Stibbard‐Hawkes et al, 2020 ) and, unlike the 2006 data, recruited no female participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several known SNPs and other genetic factors which may interact with environmental factors in contributing to myopia risk (Goldschmidt & Jacobsen, 2014;Nallasamy et al, 2007). The role of genetics in myopia has been divisive and the effects of individual SNPs are typically small (Morgan & Rose, 2005, 2019. There has also been some speculation that hunter-gatherer vision may be under strong selection (Barnicot & Woodburn, 1975;Cordain et al, 2002).…”

Section: Selection For Good Vision?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The etiology of myopia is mutifaceted and complex. But, while a small number of genetic myopia risk factors have been identified (Morgan & Rose, 2019;Nallasamy et al, 2007;Verhoeven et al, 2013), the present consensus view is that environmental variables are predominantly responsible for the recent global epidemic (Goldschmidt & Jacobsen, 2014;Morgan et al, 2017;Morgan & Rose, 2005, 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myopia rates among Hadza hunter‐gatherers are low but not exceptional

Stibbard‐Hawkes

Apicella

2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives Myopia rates are increasing globally. This epidemic is linked to increased school participation, decreased outdoor activity and the proliferation of near‐work occupations. The Tanzanian Hadza have traditionally subsisted as hunter‐gatherers. School participation has historically been low and near‐work otherwise minimal. Previous studies have reported exceptionally low myopia rates among hunter‐gatherers, though such studies are few. The present study aims to expand this dataset. We report Hadza myopia rates and compare them to those from other economic/subsistence niches. We look for temporal changes in eyesight, in line with changing Hadza subsistence. Further, we assess the impact two known myopia risk factors, gender and educational participation, on Hadza eyesight. Materials and Methods We measured visual acuity among 182 bush‐living Hadza aged 10–75 using a non‐Latin optotype. From these measures, we estimate age‐specific myopia prevalences. Results We find age‐specific myopia prevalences between 5% and 10% for individuals under 40, increasing thereafter. This is low compared to industrialized populations, although not atypical for rural and non‐industrialized populations. Unlike previous studies of hunter‐gatherers, myopia was not exceptionally rare. We find that Hadza men have better distance vision than Hadza women. Though the Hadza have experienced subsistence change, we find no statistical evidence of associated decreases in visual acuity between 2006 and 2013/14 after controlling for gender imbalances. Finally, we find no support for our prediction that schooling participation reduces visual acuity, though so few attended school (13 of 58) that this analysis lacked statistical power and probably represents a false negative.

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“…The digit ratio (2D:4D) is known as a key parameter in the selection of highly qualified athletes [3] and refers to the ratio between the index finger, the second digit length (2D) and the ring finger, the fourth digit length (4D) [4]. This concept was first introduced by Baker in 1888 [5,6], confirming that the length of a person's fingers is usually determined in the 13th week of foetal development [7] and remains almost constant throughout life [8], and since then it has been widely studied in various fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Performance of Chinese Elite Archers

Jin¹,

Fan²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

JOMH

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Background: Previous studies have found a correlation between digit ratio (2D:4D) and performance in sporting events which require physical competence. Such correlation, however, has not been well studied in technique-oriented sports. This study explored the correlation between 2D:4D and sporting performance of Chinese elite archers. Also it provides some references for sports research in other fields. Methods: We conducted the study with 31 Chinese elite archers (15 males and 16 females) preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games and collected their 2D:4D ratios by measuring their index and ring fingers. The study also asked them to take physical fitness tests including push-ups, decline sit-ups, half-squat and a 4000-meter run, and obtained their results in former ranking tournaments and Olympic elimination series. The study recorded every entry of data in a "mean ± standard deviation" (M ± SD) format and processed them in SPSS 24.0 to produce One-Way ANOVA and Pearson correlations. Results: Our study found no significant difference between varied sporting levels in the left 2D:4D, and between world-class and national-level archers in the right 2D:4D (p > 0.05), yet a significant one between left-right 2D:4D of world-class, national-level, and level-1 archers (p < 0.01). We also found no significant correlation between the left 2D:4D and specific physical fitness test results, and between those archers' results. Similarly, there was a significant negative correlation between the right 2D:4D and specific test results (p < 0.05), and a strong negative correlation between that and results of ranking tournaments (p < 0.01) and Olympic elimination series (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Chinese elite archers with lower right 2D:4D are of better physical fitness and enhanced sport performance. Hence, the right 2D:4D may act as a critical indicator in selecting excellent archers.

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No Association between 2D:4D Ratio and Hunting Success among Hadza Hunters

Cited by 4 publications

References 84 publications

Human athletic paleobiology; using sport as a model to investigate human evolutionary adaptation

Human athletic paleobiology; using sport as a model to investigate human evolutionary adaptation

Myopia rates among Hadza hunter‐gatherers are low but not exceptional

Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Performance of Chinese Elite Archers

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