No association between tuberculin skin test and atopy in a bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccinated birth cohort

Eifan, Aarif O.; Akkoç, Tunç; Özdemir, Cevdet; Bahceciler, Nerin N.; Barlan, Işıl

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2008.00846.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Eifan and colleagues studied the association between the tuberculin skin test (TST) and allergic manifestations in a birth cohort. Their results did not confirm the previously suggested inverse correlation between TST reactivity and atopic sensitization or any allergic manifestations in Turkish children vaccinated with BCG at birth (20). Soyer and coworkers showed a low level of disease control in children, indicating that the expectations of guidelines had not been met even in facilitated centers.…”

Section: Turkish Contribution To Scientific Literature In the Pediatrcontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…The association between tuberculosis (tbc) and atopy has also been investigated by several Turkish authors. While some authors showed that prick test reactions may be suppressed in patients with tbc (18), others failed to show such an inverse relationship with atopy and tbc (19, 20). There are no significant differences among children residing in urban vs. rural areas regarding the current prevalence of asthma and wheezing within a 10‐yr period (12, 14).…”

Section: Burden Of Allergic Diseases In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric allergy and immunology in Turkey

Çelik

Bakırtaş

Saçkesen

et al. 2011

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Allergic diseases constitute a significant health problem in Turkey. According to a recent multicenter study, which used the ISAAC questionnaire, the mean prevalence of wheezing, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in 10-yr-old school children during the past year was 15.8%, 23.5%, and 8.1%, respectively. A healthcare level system, regulated by Ministry of Health, is available in Turkey. Pediatric allergists and pediatric immunologists provide patient care at the tertiary level. Currently, 48 centers deliver care for allergic and immunologic diseases in children. There are 136 pediatric and 61 adult allergists/immunologists. Although the number of allergy/clinical immunology specialists is limited, these centers are capable of delivering many of the procedures required for the proper management and diagnosis of allergy/immunology. Pediatric allergy and/or immunology is a subspecialty lasting 3 yr and follows a 4-yr pediatric specialist training. Fellow training involves gaining knowledge in basic and clinical allergy and immunology as well as the performance and interpretation of laboratory procedures in the field of allergy and clinical immunology. The Turkish National Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (TNSACI) was officially established in 1989 and currently has 356 members. The society organizes a national congress annually and winter schools for fellowship training as well as training courses for patients and their relatives. TNSACI also has a strong representation in European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) through its participation in the executive committee, consensus reports, and initiatives in the diagnosis of allergic and immunologic diseases of children. The 30th Congress of the EAACI is also due to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, between June 11 and 15, 2011.

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Section: Turkish Contribution To Scientific Literature In the Pediatrcontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Burden Of Allergic Diseases In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric allergy and immunology in Turkey

Çelik

Bakırtaş

Saçkesen

et al. 2011

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Because previous studies have reported an association between asthma and helminths (Mpairwe and Amoah, 2019), we collected three fresh stool samples from each participant and tested for intestinal helminths using the Kato Katz method (Katz et al, 1972). The findings on the association between tuberculin skin test (TST) and allergy/asthma have been inconsistent (Obihara et al, 2006; Eifan et al, 2009). We investigated this association by performing the TST using standard procedures, as we have previously described (Nkurunungi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren who participated in a case-control study in urban Uganda

Mpairwe

Namutebi

Nkurunungi

et al. 2019

eLife

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Data on asthma aetiology in Africa are scarce. We investigated the risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren (5–17 years) in urban Uganda. We conducted a case-control study, among 555 cases and 1115 controls. Asthma was diagnosed by study clinicians. The main risk factors for asthma were tertiary education for fathers (adjusted OR (95% CI); 2.32 (1.71–3.16)) and mothers (1.85 (1.38–2.48)); area of residence at birth, with children born in a small town or in the city having an increased asthma risk compared to schoolchildren born in rural areas (2.16 (1.60–2.92)) and (2.79 (1.79–4.35)), respectively; father’s and mother’s history of asthma; children’s own allergic conditions; atopy; and cooking on gas/electricity. In conclusion, asthma was associated with a strong rural-town-city risk gradient, higher parental socio-economic status and urbanicity. This work provides the basis for future studies to identify specific environmental/lifestyle factors responsible for increasing asthma risk among children in urban areas in LMICs.

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“…Two further cross‐sectional studies from Japan and South Africa found a similar reduction in symptoms of allergic disease in children with positive tuberculin responses (5, 6). However, all subsequent studies on tuberculin responses have not confirmed these findings (7–20). A recent systematic review also examined the association between BCG vaccination and atopic conditions and found no convincing protective effect on allergic sensitization, eczema, or hay fever, but could not rule out a potential small risk reduction for asthma (21–25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis, bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination, and allergic disease: Findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Two

Flohr

Nagel

Weinmayr

et al. 2011

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Some have suggested a protective effect of tuberculosis (TB) infection on allergic disease risk, but few studies have examined the association between the two. We therefore investigated whether TB disease and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in early life protect against allergic disease. Information on allergic disease symptoms, past TB disease, and BCG vaccination as well as potential confounding factors was gathered by parental questionnaire from a randomly selected subset of 23,901 8- to 12-yr-old schoolchildren in 20 centers in both developed and developing countries. Children were also physically examined for flexural eczema and underwent skin prick testing. Pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across study centers were calculated, using random effects meta-analysis models. There were 245 (1.0%) reported cases of TB disease, and 66.3% (15,857) of all children received the BCG vaccine. Asthma, hay fever, and flexural eczema symptoms in the past year as well as flexural eczema on skin examination were all positively linked to a history of TB (adjusted pooled OR 'wheeze in the past year' = 2.27, 95% CI 1.52-3.41; adjusted pooled OR 'hay fever symptoms in the past year' = 2.23, 1.22-4.09; adjusted pooled OR 'flexural eczema symptoms in the past year' = 3.21, 2.01-5.12; adjusted pooled OR 'flexural eczema on skin examination' = 4.04, 1.71-9.56). Even higher risk estimates were seen for severe asthma and eczema symptoms [adjusted OR = 4.02 (2.17-7.47) and adjusted OR = 6.31 (2.19-18.17), respectively]. There was no significant association between past TB and skin prick test positivity (adjusted pooled OR = 1.32, 0.87-2.02). BCG vaccination during the first year of life was also not associated with any of the allergy outcomes. We found a uniform positive association between TB and all allergic disease outcomes, including eczema on skin examination. As this was a cross-sectional study, it is unclear whether this positive association is attributable to a causal relationship, and further longitudinal studies are required.

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No association between tuberculin skin test and atopy in a bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccinated birth cohort

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Pediatric allergy and immunology in Turkey

Pediatric allergy and immunology in Turkey

Risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren who participated in a case-control study in urban Uganda

Tuberculosis, bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination, and allergic disease: Findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Two

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