No change in parasite genotype during single episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese children

Missinou, Michel A.; Kun, Jürgen F. J.; Kremsner, Peter G.

doi:10.1007/s00436-004-1137-1

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This appears to be the case in asymptomatic malaria, 6,7 but not in symptomatic infection. 12 We found no compelling evidence for this in severe disease. Instead, many samples showed a loss of genotypes, consistent with parasite densities decreasing below detection threshold after initiation of therapy (as expected), and a large proportion of patients retained their genotypes over 24 hours despite quinine treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…12 In Gabon, children with single episodes of P. falciparum malaria were found to carry parasites with the same genotypes throughout the course of infection. 12 The observations of genetically distinct, asynchronous broods of parasites in asymptomatic infection 6,7 do not appear to be relevant to severe malaria pathogenesis, but suggest instead that relatively uniform dominant populations of genotypes may be found in both peripheral blood and tissues. Detailed comparison of peripheral blood and tissues from autopsy studies of children with fatal malaria will resolve this question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Plasmodium Falciparum Parasites Present in Peripheral Blood Genetically the Same as Those Sequestered in the Tissues?

Dembo

Phiri²,

Montgomery³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Since quinine does not inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum ring stages or mature schizonts, parasites may continue to emerge from sequestration sites after starting treatment. We used polymerase chain reaction amplification of P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-2 alleles to distinguish genotypes infecting 58 children with severe malaria. To examine changes in parasite populations in peripheral blood over time, we compared changes in number and spectrum of genotypes in samples on admission to a hospital to those obtained up to 24 hours later. Thirty-four children lost genotypes, 21 retained genotypes, and 3 gained an extra P. falciparum genotype at one locus but not the other. The lack of novel genotypes emerging suggests that among children with severe malaria the dominant clones sequestered in deep organs are usually the same as those in peripheral circulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Plasmodium Falciparum Parasites Present in Peripheral Blood Genetically the Same as Those Sequestered in the Tissues?

Dembo

Phiri²,

Montgomery³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The use of single polymorphic markers in determining malaria parasite genotype persistence has also been reported [33]. Because the ten microsatellite markers vary in polymorphism, the available dataset offered us an opportunity to evaluate the effects of marker polymorphism on the estimated infection durations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cohort study of Plasmodium falciparum infection dynamics in Western Kenya Highlands

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThe Kenyan highlands were malaria-free before the 1910s, but a series of malaria epidemics have occurred in the highlands of western Kenya since the 1980s. Longitudinal studies of the genetic structure, complexity, infection dynamics, and duration of naturally acquired Plasmodium falciparum infections are needed to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of malaria epidemiology in the complex Kenyan highland eco-epidemiological systems where malaria recently expanded, as well as the evaluation of control measures.MethodsWe followed a cohort of 246 children residing in 3 villages at altitudes 1430 - 1580 m in western Kenya. Monthly parasitological surveys were undertaken for one year, yielding 866 P. falciparum isolates that were analyzed using 10 microsatellite markers.ResultsInfection complexity and genetic diversity were high (HE = 0.787-0.816), with ≥83% of infections harboring more than one parasite clone. Diversity remained high even during the low malaria transmission season. There was no significant difference between levels of genetic diversity and population structure between high and low transmission seasons. Infection turn-over rate was high, with the average infection duration of single parasite genotypes being 1.11 months, and the longest genotype persistence was 3 months.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that despite the relatively recent spread of malaria to the highlands, parasite populations seem to have stabilized with no evidence of bottlenecks between seasons, while the ability of residents to clear or control infections indicates presence of effective anti-plasmodial immune mechanisms.

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“…The purpose of this study was to determine how accurately a single peripheral blood sample taken from a malaria-infected individual captures within-host parasite diversity, and to characterize the within-host population structure of malaria parasites in asymptomatic adults. While some findings support the notion that a single blood sample contains the full spectrum of parasite genotypes present in a malaria-infected individual ( Missinou et al, 2004 ; Dembo et al, 2006 ; Waltmann et al, 2018 ), others suggest that it harbors only a subset of constituent parasite genotypes ( Daubersies et al, 1996 ; Farnert et al, 1997 ; Kamwendo et al, 2002 ; Farnert, 2008 ; Farnert et al, 2008 ). These discrepant findings may be due to the low resolution of msp-1 and msp-2 genotyping used to fingerprint malaria infections in previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Intra-host dynamics of co-infecting parasite genotypes in asymptomatic malaria patients

Nkhoma

Banda

Khoswe

et al. 2018

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Malaria-infected individuals often harbor mixtures of genetically distinct parasite genotypes. We studied intra-host dynamics of parasite genotypes co-infecting asymptomatic adults in an area of intense malaria transmission in Chikhwawa, Malawi. Serial blood samples (5 ml) were collected over seven consecutive days from 25 adults with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria and analyzed to determine whether a single peripheral blood sample accurately captures within-host parasite diversity. Blood samples from three of the participants were also analyzed by limiting dilution cloning and SNP genotyping of the parasite clones isolated to examine both the number and relatedness of co-infecting parasite haplotypes. We observed rapid turnover of co-infecting parasite genotypes in 88% of the individuals sampled (n = 22) such that the genetic composition of parasites infecting these individuals changed dramatically over the course of seven days of follow up. Nineteen of the 25 individuals sampled (76%) carried multiple parasite genotypes at baseline. Analysis of serial blood samples from three of the individuals revealed that they harbored 6, 12 and 17 distinct parasite haplotypes respectively. Approximately 70% of parasite haplotypes recovered from the three extensively sampled individuals were unrelated (proportion of shared alleles <83.3%) and were deemed to have primarily arisen from superinfection (inoculation of unrelated parasite haplotypes through multiple mosquito bites). The rest were related at the half-sib level or greater and were deemed to have been inoculated into individual human hosts via parasite co-transmission from single mosquito bites. These findings add further to the growing weight of evidence indicating that a single blood sample poorly captures within-host parasite diversity and underscore the importance of repeated blood sampling to accurately capture within-host parasite ecology. Our data also demonstrate a more pronounced role for parasite co-transmission in generating within-host parasite diversity in high transmission settings than previously assumed. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the evolution of drug resistance, malaria transmission, parasite virulence, allocation of gametocyte sex ratios and acquisition of malaria immunity.

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No change in parasite genotype during single episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese children

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Are Plasmodium Falciparum Parasites Present in Peripheral Blood Genetically the Same as Those Sequestered in the Tissues?

Are Plasmodium Falciparum Parasites Present in Peripheral Blood Genetically the Same as Those Sequestered in the Tissues?

A cohort study of Plasmodium falciparum infection dynamics in Western Kenya Highlands

Intra-host dynamics of co-infecting parasite genotypes in asymptomatic malaria patients

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