No changes in lung function after a saturation dive to 2.5 MPa with intermittent reduction in $$ P_{{{{\rm O}}_{{{\rm 2}}} }} $$ during decompression

Thorsen, Einar; Segadal, K; Stuhr, Linda Elin Birkhaug; Troland, Kari; Grønning, Marit; Marstein, Sverre; Hope, A

doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0276-8

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A strong correlation was obtained between the reduction in diffusion capacity of the lung and cumulative hyperoxic exposure [31]. Indeed, no changes in pulmonary function were found after a 240-m saturation dive with a modified dive profile including a reduction in the decompression rate and intermittent reduction of oxygen partial pressure [32]. A slight reduction in forced expiratory flows at lower lung volumes has been obtained after saturation dives, and the decline correlated with cumulative hyperoxic exposure [31].…”

Section: Short-term Effects Of Diving On Lung Functionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

Tetzlaff

Thomas

2017

Eur Respir Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

@ERSpublicationsThe effects of diving on pulmonary function largely depend on factors associated with the individual diving response http://ow.ly/aIFS3095WNnCite this article as: Tetzlaff K, Thomas PS. Short-and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function. ABSTRACT The diving environment provides a challenge to the lung, including exposure to high ambient pressure, altered gas characteristics and cardiovascular effects on the pulmonary circulation. Several factors associated with diving affect pulmonary function acutely and can potentially cause prolonged effects that may accumulate gradually with repeated diving exposure. Evidence from experimental deep dives and longitudinal studies suggests long-term adverse effects of diving on the lungs in commercial deep divers, such as the development of small airways disease and accelerated loss of lung function. In addition, there is an accumulating body of evidence that diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) may not be associated with deleterious effects on pulmonary function. Although changes in pulmonary function after single scuba dives have been found to be associated with immersion, ambient cold temperatures and decompression stress, changes in lung function were small and suggest a low likelihood of clinical significance. Recent evidence points to no accelerated loss of lung function in military or recreational scuba divers over time. Thus, the impact of diving on pulmonary function largely depends on factors associated with the individual diving exposure. However, in susceptible subjects clinically relevant worsening of lung function may occur even after single shallow-water scuba dives.

show abstract

Section: Short-term Effects Of Diving On Lung Functionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

Tetzlaff

Thomas

2017

Eur Respir Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Angiotensin II (Ang II) is produced by the conversion of Angiotensin I (ANG I) by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme which is abundant in the lungs, bound to endothelial cells and is also found in many other organs including the kidney. Increased levels of serum ACE have been reported after decompression and at even higher levels following DCS (Thorsen et al, 2006 ). Although not the only peptide formed by RAAS, Ang II is the major active metabolite and exerts its effects via AT1 and AT2 receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Commercial divers, high altitude pilots, and astronauts are exposed to some inherent risk of decompression sickness (DCS), though the mechanisms that trigger are still unclear. It has been previously showed that diving may induce increased levels of serum angiotensin converting enzyme. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is one of the most important regulators of blood pressure and fluid volume. The purpose of the present study was to control the influence of angiotensin II on the appearance of DCS.Methods: Sprague Dawley rats have been pre-treated with inhibitor of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (losartan; 10 mg/kg), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (enalapril; 10 mg/kg), and calcium-entry blocker (nifedipine; 20 mg/kg). The experimental groups were treated for 4 weeks before exposure to hyperbaric pressure while controls were not treated. Seventy-five rats were subjected to a simulated dive at 1000 kPa absolute pressure for 45 min before starting decompression. Clinical assessment took place over a period of 60 min after surfacing. Blood samples were collected for measurements of TBARS, interleukin 6 (IL-6), angiotensin II (ANG II) and ACE.Results: The diving protocol induced 60% DCS in non-treated animals. This ratio was significantly decreased after treatment with enalapril, but not other vasoactive drugs. Enalapril did not change ANG II or ACE concentration, while losartant decreased post dive level of ACE but not ANG II. None of the treatment modified the effect of diving on TBARS and IL-6 values.Conclusion: Results suggests that the rennin angiotensin system is involved in a process of triggering DCS but this has to be further investigated. However, a vasorelaxation mediated process, which potentially could increase the load of inert gas during hyperbaric exposure, and antioxidant properties were excluded by our results.

show abstract

“…ANG II is produced by the conversion of ANG I by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Increased levels of serum ACE have been reported after decompression and at even higher levels following DCS (34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of decompression sickness on vasocontraction of isolated rat vessels

Mazur

Lambrechts

Wang

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies conducted in divers indicate that endothelium function is impaired following a dive even without decompression sickness (DCS). Our previous experiment conducted on rat isolated vessels showed no differences in endothelium-dependent vasodilation after a simulated dive even in the presence of DCS, while contractile response to phenylephrine was progressively impaired with increased decompression stress. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of DCS on vascular smooth muscle. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to the same hyperbaric protocol and classified according to the severity of DCS: no-DCS (without clinical symptoms), mild-DCS, or severe-DCS (dead within 1 h). A control group remained at atmospheric pressure. Isometric tension was measured in rings of abdominal aorta and mesenteric arteries. Single dose contraction was assessed with KCl solution. Dose-response curves were obtained with phenylephrine and endothelin-1. Phenylephrine-induced contraction was observed in the presence of antioxidant tempol. Additionally, plasma concentrations of angiotensin II, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed. Response to phenylephrine was impaired only among mild-DCS in both vessels. Dose-response curves to endothelin-1 were impaired after mild-DCS in mesenteric and severe-DCS in aorta. KCl-induced contraction was affected after hyperbaric exposure regardless of DCS status in aorta only. These results confirm postdive vascular dysfunction is dependent on the type of vessel. It further evidenced that vascular dysfunction is triggered by DCS rather than by diving itself and suggest the influence of circulating factor/s. Diving-induced impairment of the L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and/or influence of renin-angiotensin system is proposed.

show abstract

No changes in lung function after a saturation dive to 2.5 MPa with intermittent reduction in $$ P_{{{{\rm O}}_{{{\rm 2}}} }} $$ during decompression

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

Influence of decompression sickness on vasocontraction of isolated rat vessels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About