No complementarity no gain—Net diversity effects on tree productivity occur once complementarity emerges during early stand development

Urgoiti, Jon; Messier, Christian; Keeton, William S.; Gravel, Dominique; Paquette, Alain

doi:10.1111/ele.13959

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This is in line with previous findings showing that selection effects play a major role at the beginning, but are replaced by complementarity effects after some time (Fargione et al, 2007;Jing et al, 2021;Lasky et al, 2014). Overall, our results support the hypothesis that co-occurring species in high-diverse temperate forests differ in niches and competitive abilities, which leads to strong biodiversity effects and higher productivity in mixtures compared to their monospecific counterparts Huang et al, 2018;Morin et al, 2011;Urgoiti et al, 2022). Our results extend this knowledge by showing that both complementarity and selection effects contribute to biodiversity effects on tree growth in young tree stands.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Numerous studies have shown a positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship in terrestrial ecosystems, and that this relationship strengthens over time (Bongers et al, 2021; Cardinale et al, 2007; Fargione et al, 2007; Guerrero-Ramirez et al, 2017; Huang et al, 2018; Reich et al, 2012; Urgoiti et al, 2022). Typically, this relationship is explained by complementary resource use among plants, as well as a growing intensity of negative plant-soil interactions at low diversity and positive interactions at high diversity (Barry et al, 2019; Eisenhauer 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment

Dietrich

Ferlian

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Tree species are known to predominantly interact either with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. However, there is a knowledge gap whether these mycorrhizae differently influence biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships and whether a combination of both can increase community productivity. In 2015, we established a tree-diversity experiment by growing tree communities with varying species-richness levels (1, 2, or 4 species), and either with AM or EM tree species, or a combination of both. We investigated basal area and annual basal area increment from 2015 to 2020 as proxy for community productivity. We found significant positive relationships between tree species richness and community productivity, which strengthened over time. Further, AM and EM tree species differently influenced productivity; however, there was no overyielding when AM and EM trees grew together. EM tree communities were characterized by low productivity in the beginning, but an increase of increment over time, and showed overall strong biodiversity effects. For AM tree communities the opposite was true. While young trees did not benefit from the presence of the other mycorrhizal type, dissimilar mechanisms underlying BEF relationships in AM and EM trees indicate that maximizing tree and mycorrhizal diversity may increase ecosystem functioning in the long run.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment

Dietrich

Ferlian

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is in line with previous findings showing that SEs play a major role at the beginning but are replaced by CEs after some time (Fargione et al, 2007;Jing et al, 2021;Lasky et al, 2014). Overall, our results support the hypothesis that co-occurring species in high-diversity temperate forests differ in niches and competitive abilities, which leads to strong biodiversity effects and higher productivity in mixtures compared to their monospecific counterparts (Bongers et al, 2021;Huang et al, 2018;Morin et al, 2011;Urgoiti et al, 2022). Our results extend this knowledge by showing that both CEs and SEs contribute to biodiversity effects on tree growth in young tree stands.…”

Section: Discussion Hypothesis 1 Diversity-productivity Relationships...supporting

confidence: 93%

“…Numerous studies have shown a positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship in terrestrial ecosystems and that this relationship strengthens over time (Bongers et al, 2021; Cardinale et al, 2007; Fargione et al, 2007; Guerrero‐Ramirez et al, 2017; Huang et al, 2018; Reich et al, 2012; Urgoiti et al, 2022). Typically, this relationship is explained by complementary resource use among plants and a growing intensity of plant–soil interactions over time—at low plant diversity an accumulation of pathogens leads to a loss of productivity over time, whereas a high plant diversity can host different soil mutualists complementing each other and, thereby, increasing plant productivity (Barry et al, 2019; Eisenhauer, 2012; Eisenhauer et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment

Dietrich

Ferlian

Huang

et al. 2022

Ecology

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Tree species are known to predominantly interact either with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding whether these mycorrhizae differently influence biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships and whether a combination of both can increase community productivity. In 2015, we established a tree-diversity experiment by growing tree communities with varying species richness levels (one, two, or four species) and either with AM or EM tree species or a combination of both. We investigated basal area and annual basal area increment from 2015 to 2020 as proxies for community productivity. We found significant positive relationships between tree species richness and community productivity, which strengthened over time. Further, AM and EM tree species differently influenced productivity; however, there was no overyielding when AM and EM trees grew together. EM tree communities were characterized by low productivity in the beginning but an increase of increment over time and showed overall strong biodiversity effects. For AM tree communities the opposite was true. Although young trees did not benefit from the presence of the other mycorrhizal type, dissimilar mechanisms underlying BEF relationships in AM and EM trees indicate that maximizing tree and mycorrhizal diversity may increase ecosystem functioning in the long run.

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“…This means that one limitation of our current study is the documented changes in vegetation composition have not been compared directly with native woodlands in which these tree and shrub species naturally occur. Therefore, our discussion of ways in future to prevent the biodiversity decline of plantings is based on the broader ecological and social value of biodiversity (Chapin III et al 2000;Urgoiti et al 2022) and is not driven by a benchmark from a climax vegetation community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species and functional diversity of direct‐seeded vegetation declines over 25 years

Atkinson¹,

Simpson‐Young²,

Fifield³

et al. 2022

Eco Management Restoration

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Summary The re‐establishment of native vegetation on disturbed land has been adopted widely as a form of ecological restoration in the past few decades. It is often suggested that establishing native plantings will lead to increasing biodiversity at restoration sites over time. However, this prediction has not been tested over long periods. Now that some pioneering projects and monitoring programs have become older, it is possible to quantify the long‐term benefits of native vegetation plantings. We asked how the plant diversity and function of 12 biodiverse native vegetation plantings has changed over approximately 30 years. We found that sites declined in measures of functional and species diversity over time. Shorter‐statured woody species were not as common at older sites. Surprisingly, sites initially seeded with a greater richness of species did not have higher standing richness at any later census period. While all sites produced net native biodiversity benefits relative to the exotic pastures they replaced, ongoing management and monitoring will be needed to ensure they continue to do so. Understanding the relationship between ageing native vegetation plantings and other components of the ecosystem (e.g., mammals, birds, invertebrates, soil, microorganisms) is a priority. Our results suggest that recruitment barriers in ex‐agricultural ecosystems are high and that the biodiversity benefits provided by shorter‐lived species will only be transient without ongoing management of these systems. Research confronting these recruitment barriers is a priority, and managers (and funders) of these kinds of restoration projects may need to be prepared for ongoing management of sites to promote lost components if they are desired as continual features of these ecosystems.

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No complementarity no gain—Net diversity effects on tree productivity occur once complementarity emerges during early stand development

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment

Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment

Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment

Species and functional diversity of direct‐seeded vegetation declines over 25 years

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