No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet

Sloth, Birgitte; Krog-Mikkelsen, Inger; Flint, Anne; Tetens, Inge; Björck, Inger; Vinoy, Sophie; Elmståhl, Helena; Astrup, Arne; Lang, Vincent; Raben, Anne

doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.2.337

Cited by 237 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

181

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In one study, high-carbohydrate diets were linked to accelerated atherosclerosis progression, and high GI carbohydrates were particularly harmful (Mozaffarian et al, 2004). In experimental studies, high GI and GL diets have been documented to have adverse effects on cardiovascular risk factors, such as triglyceride concentrations, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein (Ludwig, 2002;Pereira et al, 2004;Sloth et al, 2004;McMillan-Price et al, 2006). Because these risk factors are associated with worse prognosis among patients with established cardiovascular disease (Smith et al, 2006), we hypothesized that diets high in GI and GL may be associated with increased total and cardiovascular mortality in patients with existing cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load and mortality among men with established cardiovascular disease

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/objectives: In men with established cardiovascular disease, the effect of diets with high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that diets with higher GI and GL are associated with increased mortality in men with established cardiovascular disease. Subjects/methods: We measured dietary GI and GL using food-frequency questionnaires in 4617 men, 45-79 years old, with a history of cardiovascular disease. The men were followed for cardiovascular mortality (6-year follow-up, 608 cases) and all-cause mortality (8-year follow-up, 1303 cases) using the Swedish cause-of-death and death registers. We used Cox models with age as the timescale and adjusted for body mass index, physical activity, history of hypertension and diabetes, family history of myocardial infarction, aspirin use, cigarette smoking and dietary factors to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs). Results: Comparing top to bottom quartiles of dietary GI, the RR for cardiovascular mortality was 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-1.10, P for linear trend ¼ 0.21), and the RR for all-cause mortality was 1.00 (95% CI 0.85-1.19, P for linear trend ¼ 0.87). Compared to quartile 1, the RR for men with dietary GL in quartile 4 was 1.02 (95% CI 0.70-1.49, P for linear trend ¼ 0.81) for cardiovascular and 1.15 (95% CI 0.89-1.49, P for linear trend ¼ 0.20) for all-cause mortality. Conclusions: In this population of men with prior cardiovascular disease, dietary GI and GL were not associated with cardiovascular or all-cause mortality.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load and mortality among men with established cardiovascular disease

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several ad libitum trials conducted on nondiabetic subjects have suggested a beneficial effect of low-GI diet on fat mass (Bouche et al, 2002) and body weight (Bouche et al, 2002;Sloth et al, 2004), when compared with high-GI diet, although other trials conducted on subjects with type II diabetes have found no differences in body weight change between high-and low-GI diets (Heilbronn et al, 2002;Jimenez-Cruz et al, 2003;Rizkalla et al, 2004). Additionally, although there has been no association between dietary GI and GL and BMI in some studies (Amano et al, 2004;Liese et al, 2005), other observational studies have shown a positive association between dietary GI, but not dietary GL and BMI Murakami et al, 2006b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, intake of dietary fiber (unavailable carbohydrate) has been shown to be independently negatively associated with a measure of obesity in several (Appleby et al, 1998;Ludwig et al, 1999;Liu et al, 2003;Sasaki et al, 2003;Spencer et al, 2003;Howarth et al, 2005;Liese et al, 2005), but not all (Stookey, 2001), observational studies. Although high dietary fiber intake is often correlated with low dietary GI and/or GL (Howarth et al, 2001;Bouche et al, 2002;Scholl et al, 2004;Schulze et al, 2004;Sloth et al, 2004;Schulz et al, 2005), few observational studies have examined these dietary factors simultaneously in relation to a measure of obesity, especially in non-Western populations (Toeller et al, 2001;Amano et al, 2004;Sahyoun et al, 2005). Clearly, additional studies are needed on the effects of these dietary factors on the development of obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic index and load, and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of 3931 Japanese women aged 18–20 years

Murakami

Sasaki²,

Okubo

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Few observational studies have investigated dietary fiber intake and dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) simultaneously in relation to obesity, particularly in non-Western populations. We examined the associations between dietary fiber intake and dietary GI and GL, and body mass index (BMI) in young Japanese women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 3931 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18-20 years from 53 institutions in Japan. Methods: Dietary fiber intake and dietary GI and GL (GI for glucose ¼ 100) were assessed by a validated, self-administered, diet history questionnaire. BMI was calculated from self-reported body weight and height. Results: Mean values of BMI, dietary fiber intake, dietary GI and dietary GL were 21.0 kg/m 2 , 6.5 g/4186 kJ, 65.1 and 82.1/ 4186 kJ, respectively. White rice (GI ¼ 77) was the major contributor to dietary GI and GL (45.8%). After controlling for potential dietary and nondietary confounding factors, dietary fiber intake was negatively correlated with BMI (adjusted mean ¼ 21.1 kg/m 2 in the lowest and 20.7 kg/m 2 in the highest quintiles; P for trend ¼ 0.0007). Conversely, dietary GI and GL were independently positively correlated with BMI (20.8 and 21.2 kg/m 2 ; P for trend ¼ 0.03, and 20.5 and 21.5 kg/m 2 ; P for trend ¼ 0.0005, respectively). Conclusions: Dietary fiber intake showed an independent negative association with BMI, and dietary GI and GL showed an independent positive association with BMI among relatively lean young Japanese women.

show abstract

“…Genetically predisposed children might be more vulnerable to the unfavourable metabolic consequences of consuming high-GI foods, whereas normal children may not gain weight when subjected to the same high glycaemic load. In view of the fact that some intervention studies in children have found an increase in satiety and a reduction in food consumption after lowering the glycaemic load of meals (Spieth et al, 2000;Warren et al, 2003), and beneficial outcome has also been observed in intervention studies in adults (Wolever and Mehling, 2003;Sloth et al, 2004), more long-term intervention studies are needed to delineate the potential causal relationship between GI and obesity in childhood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal glycaemic load of normal-weight and overweight Hong Kong children

Hui

Nelson

2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To describe the pattern of meal glycaemic load of children in Hong Kong and to determine whether the meal glycaemic load is associated with childhood overweight. Method: Dietary records (3-day) of 316 Hong Kong children aged 6-7 years were collected. Glycaemic load was calculated from the estimated weight (WT), carbohydrate content (%CHO) and glycaemic index (GI) of each food taken using the equation: (% CHO Â GI Â WT/100). The meal glycaemic load was then the sum of the glycaemic loads of all food taken in each meal. Logistic regression analyses were used to compare the average meal glycaemic load (of breakfast, lunch and dinner) and other dietary parameters between overweight children and normal-weight children. Results: Breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks provided, respectively, 17, 29, 29 and 25% of the total glycaemic load in a day. White rice (excluding congee (rice porridge) and glutinous rice) contributed almost half of the total glycaemic load. Adjusted logistic regression showed that the meal glycaemic load was not significantly associated with childhood overweight after adjusting for parental obesity, birth weight, sleeping duration, mean energy intake and paternal smoking. Conclusion: Meal glycaemic load calculated from current diet was not an independent factor associated with childhood overweight in children aged 6-7 years. Our data suggested that modifying the type of rice/staple consumed and choosing low-GI snacks could have a major influence on the total meal glycaemic load of young Hong Kong children.

show abstract

No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet

Cited by 237 publications

References 44 publications

Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load and mortality among men with established cardiovascular disease

Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load and mortality among men with established cardiovascular disease

Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic index and load, and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of 3931 Japanese women aged 18–20 years

Meal glycaemic load of normal-weight and overweight Hong Kong children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About