No Difference in Outcomes Between Suspensory (Fixed-Loop Cortical Button) Versus Expandable Anteromedial Femoral Fixation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Autologous Hamstring Tendons: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study in Male Patients

Abstract

Purpose: To compare anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) autograft reconstruction using fixed-looped suspensory versus expandable femoral fixation through the anteromedial portal. Methods: After we performed prospective power analysis and obtained institutional review board, 70 patients with ACL rupture were block randomized to the expandable or suspensory femoral fixation group (35 in each group). All patients received autologous hamstring autograft through the anteromedial portal and fixed with a sheath-screw system in the tibia. The primary outcome measures were anteroposterior knee stability at 2 years' follow-up measured using the KT-1000 arthrometer and the degree of femoral and tibial tunnels' widening measured by the use of computed tomography imaging performed immediately postoperative and 12 months postsurgery. Secondary outcome measures included pain score on a visual analog scale, the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 assessment form, the Lysholm score, and the Tegner activity scale at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results: Twenty-four patients were excluded from further analysis, leaving a total of 48 patients (24 in each group) for the final evaluation. The anteroposterior knee stability (KT-1000) showed no difference between groups at 24 months' follow-up (P ¼ .31). The percentile widening (%) of femoral and tibial tunnel at 1-year follow-up showed no difference also, except for greater values at the tibial coronal point T2 (P ¼ .065) and tibial sagittal point T1 (P ¼ .033) in the group of cortical buttons. Secondary clinical outcomes showed no statistical differences between groups at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months' postoperatively. Numerical pain scale (visual analog scale) was similar in both groups except for postoperative day 7, where the AperFix group showed better results (P ¼ .014). There were no major intraoperative and late postoperative complications in any of the groups. Conclusions: Our results showed no significant differences in knee anteroposterior stability, tunnel enlargement or other clinical outcomes comparing expandable versus cortical button fixation in anteromedial hamstrings ACL reconstruction. Level of Evidence: Level II, randomized controlled trial.