No differential effect of beverages sweetened with fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, or glucose on systemic or adipose tissue inflammation in normal-weight to obese adults: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Excessive amounts of fructose, HFCS, and glucose from SSBs consumed over 8 d did not differentially affect low-grade chronic systemic inflammation in normal-weight to obese adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01424306.

Fructose metabolism and metabolic disease

“…Feeding animals large amounts of fructose can rapidly produce multiple features of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes (18,19). Some, but not all, short-term dietary intervention studies in humans also demonstrate that overfeeding fructose, but not glucose, can increase visceral adiposity, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance, and effects on specific traits may be impacted by gender (20,21). One concern with such studies is that the amount Increased sugar consumption is increasingly considered to be a contributor to the worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes and their associated cardiometabolic risks.…”

Intraindividual Variation in Markers of Intestinal Permeability and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Healthy Normal-Weight to Obese Adults

“…Estimates of the L/M ratio and lactulose recovery were "good" (ICC % 0.60). Of note, there was a significant difference in the mean L/M ratio by repeated measures ANOVA (13). Post hoc tests revealed that the L/M ratio obtained for HFCS was significantly different from both glucose and fructose, whereas glucose and fructose L/M ratios were not different from each other.…”

“…Although the intervention was not intended a priori for this purpose, the design provided repeated measures in up to 24 participants approximately 1 month apart, following an 8-day dietary period that was largely standardized. The one factor that differed between the three dietary periods (the type of sugar used to sweeten the SSBs) did not affect intestinal permeability or adipose tissue inflammation in a consistent manner, as discussed in the original publication (13). Therefore, this study provided an ideal opportunity to assess the reliability of repeated measures of these biomarkers.…”

“…Therefore, we recalculated the ICC value for the L/M ratio by using only the data obtained at the end of the glucose and the fructose periods, and the ICC decreased slightly from 0.59 (0.16-0.82) to 0.53 (-0.2 to 0.79). Similarly, lactulose recovery between the glucose and HFCS diet periods was also significantly different (13). After adjusting for these findings, ICCs based on only the fructose and glucose phase, as well as the fructose and HFCS phase, were 0.57 (0.07-0.81) and 0.46 (-0.15 to 0.76), respectively.…”

“…This study represents a secondary analysis of a completed dietary intervention, the "Diet and Systemic Inflammation" study, carried out at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC, Seattle, WA), as described previously (12,13). Briefly, 24 healthy individuals ages between 18 and 65 years were recruited into two body mass index (BMI) categories: normal weight (20-24.9 kg/m 2 , n ¼ 12) and overweight to obese (25-39.9 kg/m 2 , n ¼ 12).…”