“…This segregation is intricately linked to the city's vastness and its socio-economic divides, prompting scholars to suggest area-based desegregation policies and diversity in land use as crucial strategies for urban planners aiming to foster social integration (Agostini et al, 2016 [62]; Marchant Santiago et al, 2022 [63]; Fuentes et.al, 2022 [9]; De Mattos, Fuentes & Link, 2014 [64]; Garretón et al, 2020 [8]). The Peñalolén district, situated in the southwestern part of Santiago, exemplifies unique patterns of segregation, showcasing small-scale divisions between affluent and less affluent groups and instances of micro-segregation, such as the enclosure of upscale residential areas (Álvarez, 2008 [12]; Mardones Arévalo, 2009 [13]; Garretón et al, 2020 [8]). This district-level segregation, coupled with personal narratives, underscores the critical nature of segregation from both a broad and individual perspective (Krellenberg et al, 2011 [66]; Vásquez et al, 2009 [67]; Salgado, 2013 [68]).…”