2009
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.4087
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No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid

Abstract: Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effica… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, polyherbal dietary supplements reported with adverse effects either contain HCA in negligible amounts or no HCA at all. These polyherbal products contain up to 20 different ingredients, with only 8 out of the 14 marketed hydroxycut products contain HCA [ 66 , 67 ], and in only two acute liver injuries associated with use of hydroxycut was HCA shown to be present in the product [ 61 ]. However, a single case report on adverse effects in G. cambogia extract/HCA-containing dietary supplement does not justify definitive attribution of causality in most cases.…”
Section: Clinical Toxicitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, polyherbal dietary supplements reported with adverse effects either contain HCA in negligible amounts or no HCA at all. These polyherbal products contain up to 20 different ingredients, with only 8 out of the 14 marketed hydroxycut products contain HCA [ 66 , 67 ], and in only two acute liver injuries associated with use of hydroxycut was HCA shown to be present in the product [ 61 ]. However, a single case report on adverse effects in G. cambogia extract/HCA-containing dietary supplement does not justify definitive attribution of causality in most cases.…”
Section: Clinical Toxicitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Garcinia-based supplements have been shown to be safe in numerous human experiments, but the growing number of cases that report significant adverse effects, mainly associated with liver damage, and to a lesser extent with serotonin toxicity and mania, may lead to reconsideration of the safety of them. Although very often HCA has been signaled as the main element responsible for the toxic effects of Garcinia supplements, it should be noted that the fruit of Garcinia cambogia , an important source of HCA, has been consumed for centuries in Southeast Asia and has been generally recognized as safe (GRAS) [ 69 ]. On the other hand, as explained before in this review, in many cases Garcinia supplements contain a great number of components.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Importantly, adverse effect case reports usually reflect the associations between the observed toxicity and the intake of the dietary supplement, rather than causality. These associations need to be rigorously examined and, if finally, the supplements are found to be the causative factors for the alterations observed, the true agents need to be firmly identified, along with the dose at which the negative effects are induced [ 69 ]. In this regard, an important problem in diagnosing the cause that produces the adverse effects, is that many people perceive these type of products as not harmful or as “natural” products, thus, they tend to forget to mention them when they are asked about the foods, beverages and medications that they have consumed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A case report of severe liver toxicity after consuming a HCA-containing herb has been reported [22]. This case was reviewed and dismissed because the patient had also taken aspirin and acetaminophen concomitantly [23]. Another case of dangerous hepatic toxicity requiring liver transplantation in a patient who consumed hydroxycitric acid, the active ingredient in Garcinia cambogia extract (dietary supplement) and Garcinia cambogia-containing products, was reported by Lunsford et al [24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HCA was found to be highly toxic to the testis in male Zucker obese rats [26]. Although Stohs et al reported that there was no evidence of HCA toxicity in 2009 [23], new cases of toxicity were reported in 2016 [24]. Therefore, toxicity studies on HCA need to be performed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%