No evidence for the evolution of mating behavior in spider mites due to<i>Wolbachia</i>‐induced cytoplasmic incompatibility

Rodrigues, Leonor R.; Zélé, Flore; Santos, Inês; Magalhães, Sara

doi:10.1111/evo.14429

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Briefly, the procedure used to create these two populations was as follows. Both populations originated from the same five population replicates (the ‘iC’ populations in Rodrigues et al, 2022), themselves formed by merging six Wolbachia ‐infected, homozygous etoxazole‐susceptible, populations collected in the region of Lisbon, Portugal, in 2013 (Zélé, Santos, Olivieri, et al, 2018). Five etoxazole‐resistant population replicates were then created by performing eight generations of backcross between each of the susceptible population replicates, and a homozygous etoxazole‐resistant paternal line SB9.Rif (originally collected in Crete, Greece, in 2006; van Leeuwen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple mating rescues offspring sex ratio but not productivity in a haplodiploid exposed to developmental heat stress

2023

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Reproduction is generally more sensitive to high temperatures than survival and arguably a better predictor of the response of populations to climate change than survival estimates. Still, how temperature simultaneously impacts male and female reproductive success, the mating system and the operational sex ratio remains an open question. Here, we addressed how a sublethal high temperature affects the reproductive system of the haplodiploid spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Males and females maintained at 25 or 36°C during development were paired and the fertility of both sexes, their mating and remating eagerness, and the paternity of the offspring of females with different mating histories were measured. Female and male fertility decreased at 36°C compared to 25°C, resulting in lower offspring production and a more male‐biased sex ratio, respectively, because of haplodiploidy. However, when either heat‐stressed females or females that mated with heat‐stressed males remated, there was a shift in paternity share, with more than one male contributing to the offspring. This was accompanied by reduced mating eagerness in pairs with partially sterile males and increased remating eagerness in pairs in which at least one sex was partially sterile in the first mating. The observed temperature‐induced changes in female remating eagerness and sperm use allowed restoring the offspring sex ratio, by increasing the proportion of fertilized offspring, but did not lead to the recovery of offspring number. The temperature‐induced changes in the mating behaviour and mating system should alter the interactions within and between the sexes, and with it the strength of sexual selection and sexual conflict in this species. Whether such changes are sufficient to prevent population extinction, despite the inability to recover offspring number, remains an open question. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple mating rescues offspring sex ratio but not productivity in a haplodiploid exposed to developmental heat stress

2023

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“…Briefly, the procedure used to create these two populations was as follows. Both populations originated from the same five population replicates (the ‘iC’ populations in Rodrigues et al, 2022), themselves formed by merging six Wolbachia-infected , homozygous etoxazole-susceptible, populations collected in the region of Lisbon, Portugal, in 2013 (Zélé et al, 2018). Five etoxazole-resistant population replicates were then created by performing eight generations of backcross between each of the susceptible population replicates, and a homozygous etoxazole-resistant paternal line SB9.Rif (originally collected in Crete, Greece, in 2006; van Leeuwen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple mating rescues offspring sex ratio but not productivity in a haplodiploid exposed to developmental heat stress

Costa

Magalhães

Rodrigues

2022

Preprint

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Reproduction is generally more sensitive to high temperatures than survival and arguably a better predictor of the response of populations to climate change than survival estimates. Still, how temperature simultaneously impacts male and female reproductive success, the mating system and the operational sex ratio remains an open question. Here, we addressed how a sublethal high temperature affects the reproductive system of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Males and females maintained at 25°C or 36°C during development were paired and the fertility of both sexes, their mating and remating eagerness, and the paternity of the offspring of females with different mating histories were measured. There was a decrease in female and male fertility at 36°C compared to 25°C that resulted in lower offspring production and a more male-biased sex ratio, respectively, because spider mites are haplodiploids. However, when females remated, the pattern of first male sperm precedence typically seen in this species was disrupted, with more than one male contributing to the offspring. This was accompanied by reduced mating eagerness in pairs with partially sterile males and increased remating eagerness in pairs in which at least one sex was partially sterile in the first mating. The observed temperature-induced changes in pre- and post-copulatory traits allowed restoring the offspring sex ratio but did not lead to the recovery of offspring number. Our results show that temperature induces changes in the spider mite mating behaviour and mating system, with potential impact on sexual selection and sexual conflict. However, such changes may not be sufficient to buffer the impact of extreme temperatures on their populations.

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“…Each population replicate was initially created with a census population size of 200 mated females and subsequently maintained with discrete generations at this same population size (cf. detailed procedure for the creation and maintenance of these populations, called "Infected controls; iC", in Rodrigues et al 2022a). Full homozygosity for the etoxazole susceptible allele was subsequently con rmed by PCR-RFLP (as described in Van Leeuwen et al 2012) for each of the eld-derived populations and each of the Wi.SS replicates.…”

Section: Creation Of the Wiss Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sex-specific trade-off between pesticide resistance and thermal tolerance in Tetranychus urticae

Costa

Magalhães

Santos

et al. 2023

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Current pest management relies extensively on pesticide application worldwide, despite the frequent rise of pesticide resistance in crop pests. This is particularly worrisome because resistance is often not costly enough to be lost in populations after pesticide application, resulting in increased dependency on pesticide application. As climate warming increases, effort should be put into understanding how thermal tolerance will affect the persistence of pesticide resistance in populations. To address this, we measured thermal tolerance in two populations of the spider mite crop pest Tetranychus urticae that differ solely in the presence or absence of a target-site mutation conferring resistance to etoxazole pesticide. We found that developmental time and fertility, but not survival, were negatively affected by increasing temperatures in the susceptible population. Furthermore, we found no difference between resistant and susceptible populations in all life-history traits when both sexes developed at control temperature, nor when females developed at high temperature. Resistant heat-stressed males, in contrast, showed lower fertility than susceptible ones, indicating a sex-specific trade-off between thermal tolerance and pesticide resistance. This suggests that global warming can lead to reduced pesticide resistance in natural populations. However, resistant females, being as affected by high temperature as susceptible individuals, may buffer the toll in resistant male fertility. In addition, the decrease in developmental time of both sexes at high temperature may accelerate adaptation to both temperature and pesticide, which can promote the maintenance of resistant populations under climate warming.

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No evidence for the evolution of mating behavior in spider mites due toWolbachia‐induced cytoplasmic incompatibility

Cited by 11 publications

References 101 publications

Multiple mating rescues offspring sex ratio but not productivity in a haplodiploid exposed to developmental heat stress

Multiple mating rescues offspring sex ratio but not productivity in a haplodiploid exposed to developmental heat stress

Multiple mating rescues offspring sex ratio but not productivity in a haplodiploid exposed to developmental heat stress

A sex-specific trade-off between pesticide resistance and thermal tolerance in Tetranychus urticae

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