No evidence for zoonotic transmission of <scp>H</scp>3<scp>N</scp>8 canine influenza virus among <scp>US</scp> adults occupationally exposed to dogs

Krueger, Whitney S.; Heil, Gary L.; Yoon, Kyoung‐Jin; Gray, Gregory C.

doi:10.1111/irv.12208

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, EIV also infected EQKD cells poorly, so the block in infection may be due to biological differences between horse kidney and airway respiratory cells. The poor infection of CIV in A549 cells was interesting because there have been no reported cases of CIV (or EIV) naturally transmitting to humans, including people who were regularly exposed to CIVinfected dogs (70); whether there is a correlation between the poor infectivity in A549 cells and virus transmission to humans is unknown. Interestingly, the highly laboratory-adapted strain PR8 was able to infect both A549 and EQKD cells to high levels compared to those of the horse and dog viruses (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence

Feng

Gonzalez

Deng

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The A/H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV) emerged from A/H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) around the year 2000 through the transfer of a single virus from horses to dogs. We defined and compared the biological properties of EIV and CIV by examining their genetic variation, infection, and growth in different cell cultures, receptor specificity, hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage, and infection and growth in horse and dog tracheal explant cultures. Comparison of sequences of viruses from horses and dogs revealed mutations that may be linked to host adaptation and tropism. We prepared infectious clones of representative EIV and CIV strains that were similar to the consensus sequences of viruses from each host. The rescued viruses, including HA and neuraminidase (NA) double reassortants, exhibited similar degrees of long-term growth in MDCK cells. Different host cells showed various levels of susceptibility to infection, but no differences in infectivity were seen when comparing viruses. All viruses preferred ␣2-3-over ␣2-6-linked sialic acids for infections, and glycan microarray analysis showed that EIV and CIV HA-Fc fusion proteins bound only to ␣2-3-linked sialic acids. Cleavage assays showed that EIV and CIV HA proteins required trypsin for efficient cleavage, and no differences in cleavage efficiency were seen. Inoculation of the viruses into tracheal explants revealed similar levels of infection and replication by each virus in dog trachea, although EIV was more infectious in horse trachea than CIV. IMPORTANCEInfluenza A viruses can cross species barriers and cause severe disease in their new hosts. Infections with highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus and, more recently, avian H7N9 virus have resulted in high rates of lethality in humans. Unfortunately, our current understanding of how influenza viruses jump species barriers is limited. Our aim was to provide an overview and biological characterization of H3N8 equine and canine influenza viruses using various experimental approaches, since the canine virus emerged from horses approximately 15 years ago. We showed that although there were numerous genetic differences between the equine and canine viruses, this variation did not result in dramatic biological differences between the viruses from the two hosts, and the viruses appeared phenotypically equivalent in most assays we conducted. These findings suggest that the crossspecies transmission and adaptation of influenza viruses may be mediated by subtle changes in virus biology. Influenza A viruses are maintained in aquatic birds as intestinal infections, occasionally transfer to and become established as respiratory infections in mammals, including humans, and sometimes spread from one mammal to another (1, 2). Mammalian hosts that have been commonly seen to maintain avian-derived viruses include swine, horses, humans, mink, seals, and, recently, dogs (2-5). Host transfers between different birds, from birds to mammals, or between different mammalian hosts are relatively common but mostly result in single infe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence

Feng

Gonzalez

Deng

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…During the two-year follow-up period, 2.5% of the study population experienced a fourfold titre increase against equine influenza virus H3N8, but exposure to camels or horses was not associated with titres to H3N8 [100,108]. Antibody responses have been detected against canine influenza A(H3N8) in dog-exposed subjects, but comparison with an unexposed control group yielded no significant difference (20.7 vs 12.1%) [106]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighing serological evidence of human exposure to animal influenza viruses − a literature review

2016

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Assessing influenza A virus strains circulating in animals and their potential to cross the species barrier and cause human infections is important to improve human influenza surveillance and preparedness. We reviewed studies describing serological evidence of human exposure to animal influenza viruses. Comparing serological data is difficult due to a lack of standardisation in study designs and in laboratory methods used in published reports. Therefore, we designed a scoring system to assess and weigh specificity of obtained serology results in the selected articles. Many studies report reliable evidence of antibodies to swine influenza viruses among persons occupationally exposed to pigs. Most avian influenza studies target H5, H7 and H9 subtypes and most serological evidence of human exposure to avian influenza viruses is reported for these subtypes. Avian influenza studies receiving a low grade in this review often reported higher seroprevalences in humans compared with studies with a high grade. Official surveillance systems mainly focus on avian H5 and H7 viruses. Swine influenza viruses and avian subtypes other than H5 and H7 (emphasising H9) should be additionally included in official surveillance systems. Surveillance efforts should also be directed towards understudied geographical areas, such as Africa and South America.

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“…In contrast, isolates of the H3N8 CIV do not appear to efficiently infect horses even when directly challenged, and they also did not infect equine tracheal cells in culture (Yamanaka et al 2012;Gonzalez et al 2014;Feng et al 2015). There is also no evidence of transmission of CIV H3N8 from infected dogs to their human companions or contacts (Krueger et al 2014).…”

Section: H3n8 Canine and Equine Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Canine and Feline Influenza

Wasik

Voorhees

Parrish

2019

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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No evidence for zoonotic transmission of H3N8 canine influenza virus among US adults occupationally exposed to dogs

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence

Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence

Weighing serological evidence of human exposure to animal influenza viruses − a literature review

Canine and Feline Influenza

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