No evidence of avian influenza antibodies in two species of raptor nestlings inhabiting Norway

Lee, Megan Marie; Jaspers, Veerle L.B.; Løseth, Mari Engvig; Briels, Nathalie; Nygård, Torgeir; Bustnes, Jan Ove; Waugh, Courtney

doi:10.1186/s12917-019-2133-0

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Wild raptors also have been affected by severe HPAI disease during earlier HPAIV epizootics 7 – 12 , 15 . Studies on those birds showed that HPAI viruses in wild raptors are primarily neurotropic, and that infected raptors usually present with neurologic signs due to encephalitis, often resulting in death 8 , 10 , 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology and virology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 infection in wild Common buzzards (Buteo buteo)

Caliendo

Leijten

Bildt

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wildlife. This study aimed to determine the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of Common buzzards that died with HPAI H5 virus infection during the 2020–2021 epizootic. Eleven freshly dead, HPAI H5 virus-positive Common buzzards were necropsied. Based on RT-PCR, all birds were systemically infected with HPAI H5N8 virus, as viral RNA was detected in cloacal and pharyngeal swabs and in all 10 selected tissues of the birds, with mean Ct values per tissue ranging from 22 for heart to 32 for jejunum. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the most common virus-associated pathological changes were necrotizing encephalitis (9/11 birds) and necrotizing myocarditis (7/11 birds). The proventriculus of two birds showed virus-associated necrosis, indicating tropism of this virus for the digestive tract. Our advice is to collect at least a miniset of samples including brain, heart, liver, and spleen, as these tissues were positive both by RT-PCR and for virus-antigen-associated lesions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology and virology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 infection in wild Common buzzards (Buteo buteo)

Caliendo

Leijten

Bildt

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…In contrast to the virological HPAIV testing, few studies have focused on serum antibody analysis. Previous studies failed to detect AIV-reactive antibodies in raptor nestlings during similar sampling approaches in Northern Europe (Gunnarsson et al, 2010; Lee et al, 2019). Here, we analysed raptor sera on a larger scale and detected antibodies against IVA NP (n=8; in 2017, 2021 and 2022) and H5 (n=1; in 2022) exclusively in WTSE nestlings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Conceivably, HPAIV H5 infection in immunologically naïve avian raptor species has been shown to induce severe and often fatal disease. These findings have prompted investigations of using avian raptors as indicator species to monitor geographical expansion of HPAIV activity in general and incursion events of HPAIV H5 into new regions, as recently described for the transatlantic spread of HPAIV H5, clade 2.3.4.4b, via Iceland (Günther et al, 2022; Lee et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pathogen-prey-predator relations of avian raptors during epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus HPAIV H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in Germany

Günther,

Krone,

Globig

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Transition of highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5 avian influenza virus (HPAIV) from epizootic to enzootic status in Northern European countries was associated with severe losses and even mass mortalities among various wild bird species. Both avian and mammalian raptors hunting infected debilitated birds or scavenging on virus-contaminated avian carcasses contracted HPAIV infection. This precarious pathogen-prey-predator relation further worsened when in 2021 and 2022 outbreaks in Germany overlapped with the hatching season of avian raptor species. Retro- and prospective surveillance revealed avian raptors as important indicators of HPAIV and its genetic diversity on the one hand. On the other hand, their role as victims of HPAIV is stipulated. The first case of an HPAIV H5N1-related death of a white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla;WTSE) hatch in Germany, 2021, followed by several such cases in 2022, and a low overall seropositivity rate of 5.0-7.9% among WTSE nestlings, raised fears of a serious negative impact on reproduction rates of WTSEs and other birds of prey when HPAIV becomes enzootic in an ecosystem. However, comparably stable breeding success of WTSE in the study area in 2022 and a potentially evolving natural immunity raises hope for a less severe long-term impact.Article impact statementAdapted surveillance measures were developed to assess risks for the conservation of avian raptors due to the panzootic spread of HPAIV.

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“…IAVs have been detected in multiple wildlife species in Arctic regions, including seabirds, shorebirds, waterfowl, seals, sea lions, whales, and terrestrial mammals, and in the environment [ 11 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. IAV genomic sequence data are available through multiple publicly accessible databases (i.e., GenBank, NCBI, IVR, GISAID); however, many published sequences from countries with territory in Arctic regions lack specific sampling location data, making it difficult to identify sequences isolated specifically from these regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Gass

Kellogg

Hill

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Arctic regions are ecologically significant for the environmental persistence and geographic dissemination of influenza A viruses (IAVs) by avian hosts and other wildlife species. Data describing the epidemiology and ecology of IAVs among wildlife in the arctic are less frequently published compared to southern temperate regions, where prevalence and subtype diversity are more routinely documented. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review addresses this gap by describing the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and ecological characteristics of IAVs detected among wildlife and the environment in this understudied region of the globe. The literature search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar using a set of pre-defined search terms to identify publications reporting on IAVs in Arctic regions between 1978 and February 2022. A total of 2125 articles were initially screened, 267 were assessed for eligibility, and 71 articles met inclusion criteria. IAVs have been detected in multiple wildlife species in all Arctic regions, including seabirds, shorebirds, waterfowl, seals, sea lions, whales, and terrestrial mammals, and in the environment. Isolates from wild birds comprise the majority of documented viruses derived from wildlife; however, among all animals and environmental matrices, 26 unique low and highly pathogenic subtypes have been characterized in the scientific literature from Arctic regions. Pooled prevalence across studies indicates 4.23% for wild birds, 3.42% among tested environmental matrices, and seroprevalences of 9.29% and 1.69% among marine and terrestrial mammals, respectively. Surveillance data are geographically biased, with most data from the Alaskan Arctic and many fewer reports from the Russian, Canadian, North Atlantic, and Western European Arctic. We highlight multiple important aspects of wildlife host, pathogen, and environmental ecology of IAVs in Arctic regions, including the role of avian migration and breeding cycles for the global spread of IAVs, evidence of inter-species and inter-continental reassortment at high latitudes, and how climate change-driven ecosystem shifts, including changes in the seasonal availability and distribution of dietary resources, have the potential to alter host–pathogen–environment dynamics in Arctic regions. We conclude by identifying gaps in knowledge and propose priorities for future research.

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No evidence of avian influenza antibodies in two species of raptor nestlings inhabiting Norway

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Pathology and virology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 infection in wild Common buzzards (Buteo buteo)

Pathology and virology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 infection in wild Common buzzards (Buteo buteo)

Pathogen-prey-predator relations of avian raptors during epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus HPAIV H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in Germany

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

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