2019
DOI: 10.3390/v11111014
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No Evidence of Mosquito Involvement in the Transmission of Equine Hepacivirus (Flaviviridae) in an Epidemiological Survey of Austrian Horses

Abstract: Prevalence studies have demonstrated a global distribution of equine hepacivirus (EqHV), a member of the family Flaviviridae. However, apart from a single case of vertical transmission, natural routes of EqHV transmission remain elusive. Many known flaviviruses are horizontally transmitted between hematophagous arthropods and vertebrate hosts. This study represents the first investigation of potential EqHV transmission by mosquitoes. More than 5000 mosquitoes were collected across Austria and analyzed for EqHV… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(25 citation statements)
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References 45 publications
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“…EqHV viral loads were comparable in both species, but slightly elevated levels of serum liver enzymes were only apparent in horses [ 7 9 ]. While the seroprevalence in donkeys (31.5%; 278/882) was comparable to that of horses (30–40% in North America or Europe), viral RNA has only been detected in 0.3% (3/882) of the animals, which is lower to what has been observed for horses (2–8%) [ 7 , 10 14 ]. The absence of chronically infected donkeys and the lower rate of EqHV RNA-positive donkeys suggests that the disease might rather be acute instead of persistent, leaving speculations as to whether donkeys might be more resistant to EqHV than horses [ 7 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 67%
“…EqHV viral loads were comparable in both species, but slightly elevated levels of serum liver enzymes were only apparent in horses [ 7 9 ]. While the seroprevalence in donkeys (31.5%; 278/882) was comparable to that of horses (30–40% in North America or Europe), viral RNA has only been detected in 0.3% (3/882) of the animals, which is lower to what has been observed for horses (2–8%) [ 7 , 10 14 ]. The absence of chronically infected donkeys and the lower rate of EqHV RNA-positive donkeys suggests that the disease might rather be acute instead of persistent, leaving speculations as to whether donkeys might be more resistant to EqHV than horses [ 7 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 67%
“…There was only a single sampling point per animal. Longitudinal monitoring, favouring the detection of short‐term changes in liver‐associated biochemistry parameters, has been previously recommended in cases of EqHV 18 . This approach could also be beneficial for detecting biochemistry changes associated with EqPV‐H infection.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…EqHV‐specific sequences were detected in serum samples by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) as described previously. 18 …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To detect WNV nucleic acid, a screening RT-qPCR was performed on all equid serum samples, independent of the serologic results. Briefly, a 200 µL aliquot of each serum sample was used to extract viral RNA using QIAamp 96 Virus QIAcube HT Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), following manufacturer’s instructions as described previously [ 34 ]. Subsequent RT-qPCR targeting the highly conserved 5′ non-coding region of WNV lineages 1 and 2 was performed, as described previously by Kolodziejek et al in 2014 [ 35 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%