“…The study site was located in the Yellow River Delta (36°55′–38°16′N, 117°31′–119°18′E) in Dongying, Shandong Province, northern China. The mean annual precipitation in the study area is approximately 628.6 mm, and the mean annual temperature is about 11.9°C (Zhou et al., 2020 ). The region is characterized by the strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity of soil water, and the salinity gradients are simultaneously influenced by river water, ground water, and seawater (Zhou et al., 2020 ).…”