No inbreeding depression in an outcrossing alpine species: The breeding system of Campanula thyrsoides

Ægisdóttir, Hafdís Hanna; Jespersen, Daniela; Kuss, Patrick; Stöcklin, Jürg

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2006.06.003

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The long persistence of C. thyrsoides at already occupied sites might be explained by a seed bank, which is known from other Campanula species (e.g., Greve Alsos et al 2003), although we have no indication from literature or field for a persistent seed bank in C. thyrsoides (Hegi 1975;Kuss et al 2007). A soil seed bank might increase persistence of populations in already occupied sites, but apparent colonization of new unoccupied sites can hardly be related to a seed bank because the area of the Schynige Platte has been monitored for C. thyrsoides since 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The species requires a moderately disturbed regime, which may be created naturally (open soil in steep topography) or by human land use. It is assumed that disturbances positively affect seedling establishment by creating suitable microsites and reducing competition from other plants (Kuss et al 2007). Thus, the species may be locally abundant in disturbed areas such as road shoulders, where populations may expand locally (Kuss et al 2008), while it is rare at the regional scale and protected in the majority of the Alpine countries (Moser et al 2002).…”

Section: Study Species and Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, and because seeds lack morphological structures for wind or animal dispersal (Kuss et al 2007), we hypothesized that dispersal limitation could be much more important than habitat limitation for the regional distribution of this species. Indeed, our seed addition experiment indicates that C. thyrsoides is strongly dispersal limited, since adding seeds to unoccupied habitats resulted in successful germination and survival of seedlings.…”

Section: Limitation At the Regional Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, while a single individual plant of this species produces numerous seeds, the dispersal propagules have no morphological structures to support dispersal. Furthermore, pre-dispersal seed predation can cause complete seed loss (Kuss et al 2007). These two facts suggest that the distribution of this species is dispersal as well as occasionally seed limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two facts suggest that the distribution of this species is dispersal as well as occasionally seed limited. Third, after colonization of a new site, at least two individuals must reproduce at the same time to successfully establish a new population, because of the strong self-incompatibility and monocarpic life cycle of C. thyrsoides (AEgisdóttir et al 2007;Kuss et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersal and microsite limitation of a rare alpine plant

Frei

Stöcklin

2011

Plant Ecol

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Knowledge on the limitation of plant species' distributions is important for preserving alpine biodiversity, particularly when the loss of alpine habitats because of global warming or land use changes is faster than colonization of new habitats. We investigated the potential of the rare alpine plant Campanula thyrsoides L. to colonize grassland sites of different suitability on a small mountain plateau in the Swiss Alps. A total of 15 experimental sites were selected according to their differences in habitat suitability for adult C. thyrsoides, which was measured by the Beals index. At each site we applied a disturbance treatment, added seeds at different densities and monitored the survival of seedlings over two consecutive years. The number of surviving seedlings was not positively related to habitat suitability for adult C. thyrsoides. Furthermore, C. thyrsoides appears to be strongly dispersal limited at the regional scale because seed addition to unoccupied habitats resulted in successful germination and survival of seedlings. Since an increase of seed density in already occupied sites did not affect the number of seedlings, we suggest that C. thyrsoides is microsite limited at the local scale. Microsite limitation is supported by the result that seedling survival of the species was enhanced in vegetation gaps created by disturbance. We conclude that C. thyrsoides may become endangered in the future if environmental changes cause local extinction of populations. An appropriate management, such as a disturbance regime for enhancing recruitment in existing populations, may ensure the long-term survival of this rare alpine plant species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Study Species and Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitation At the Regional Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersal and microsite limitation of a rare alpine plant

Frei

Stöcklin

2011

Plant Ecol

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Is selfing a reproductive assurance promoting polyploid establishment? Reduced fitness, leaky self‐incompatibility and lower inbreeding depression in neotetraploids

Siopa

Dias

Castro

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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Premise Newly formed polyploids face significant obstacles to persistence and population establishment because of fitness costs of intercytotype mating. Selfing provides the opportunity to escape mate limitation, enabling production of new individuals and increasing the likelihood of fixation of new polyploid lineages. Still, association between self‐compatibility and polyploidy is not always clear. We compared self‐incompatibility and inbreeding depression in neotetraploids and their diploid progenitor to explore the direct effects of whole genome duplications on self‐incompatibility and the implications of ploidy‐driven changes for polyploid establishment. Methods Outcross and self‐pollinations were performed in diploids and synthetic neotetraploids of Jasione maritima var. maritima, and reproductive success was measured through fruit and seed production and seed germination. Self‐ and outcross offspring were grown under controlled conditions, and plant performance was measured through several fitness parameters. Results Neotetraploids showed an overall lower performance than diploids. Reproductive success was negatively affected by selfing in both cytotypes. However, greater variation in the expression of self‐incompatibility was observed in neotetraploids; additionally, developmental and physiological parameters were not affected by selfing on neotetraploids, with an overall similar fitness of outcrossed and selfed individuals, resulting in lower inbreeding depression indexes. Conclusions Neotetraploids might have benefited from selfing at initial stages after their formation. Genome duplications resulted in leaky self‐incompatibility, enabling the production of offspring under minority cytotype disadvantage with similar fitness as outcrossed offspring. Our results support theoretical assumptions that selfing might be important for neopolyploid establishment, although changes in self‐incompatibility might not be abrupt.

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Genetic diversity, phenotypic variation and local adaptation in the alpine landscape: case studies with alpine plant species

2009

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Plant survival in alpine landscapes is constantly challenged by the harsh and often unpredictable environmental conditions. Steep environmental gradients and patchy distribution of habitats lead to small size and spatial isolation of populations and restrict gene flow. Agricultural land use has further increased the diversity of habitats below and above the treeline. We studied the consequences of the highly structured alpine landscape for evolutionary processes in four study plants: Epilobium fleischeri, Geum reptans, Campanula thyrsoides and Poa alpina. The main questions were: (1) How is genetic diversity distributed within and among populations and is it affected by altitude, population size or land use? (2) Do reproductive traits such as allocation to sexual or vegetative reproduction vary with altitude or land use? Furthermore, we studied if seed weight increases with altitude. Within-population genetic diversity of the four species was high and mostly not related to altitude and population size. Nevertheless, genetic differentiation among populations was pronounced and strongly increasing with distance. In Poa alpina genetic diversity was affected by land use. Results suggest considerable genetic drift among populations of alpine plants. Reproductive allocation was affected by altitude and land use in Poa alpina and by succession in Geum reptans. Seed weight was usually higher in alpine species than in related lowland species. We conclude that the evolutionary potential to respond to global change is mostly intact in alpine plants, even at high altitude. Phenotypic variability is shaped by adaptive as well as by random evolutionary processes; moreover plastic responses to growth conditions seem to be crucial for survival of plants in the alpine landscape.

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No inbreeding depression in an outcrossing alpine species: The breeding system of Campanula thyrsoides

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Dispersal and microsite limitation of a rare alpine plant

Dispersal and microsite limitation of a rare alpine plant

Is selfing a reproductive assurance promoting polyploid establishment? Reduced fitness, leaky self‐incompatibility and lower inbreeding depression in neotetraploids

Genetic diversity, phenotypic variation and local adaptation in the alpine landscape: case studies with alpine plant species

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