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Lashmar, Paul

doi:10.1080/17512786.2016.1179587

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, according to a Pen American Center (2013) survey carried out in 2013, 1 in 6 U.S. journalists and writers started avoiding speaking or writing on a topic they thought would solicit a reaction from security services, and another 1 in 6 seriously considered doing so. According to another survey of journalists (Lashmar 2017), particularly of those engaged in investigative journalism, after the Snowden revelations there has been a "paradigmatic shift" in journalist-sources relations (665). Journalists, who need confidential sources providing public-interest information, usually from within organisations, have observed an increased reluctance on the part of their sources to reveal sensitive information because of surveillance.…”

Section: Surveillance and Society 16(2) 228mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance, Panopticism, and Self-Discipline in the Digital Age

Manokha

2018

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The objective of this paper is to revisit the metaphor of the Panopticon, borrowed by Michel Foucault from Jeremy Bentham to describe the development of disciplinary institutions in Western societies from the early nineteenth century, and to examine its relevance for the analysis of modern electronic means of surveillance. Widely used in the early stages of the study of new surveillance technologies, the metaphor of the Panopticon, particularly in the field of 'surveillance studies,' is growingly seen as inadequate to understand the impact of the latest surveillance tools and practices. This paper seeks to show that dominant interpretations of Foucault's use of Panopticon as referring to techniques of domination or to 'power over,' while legitimate as regards some of his earlier writings, overlook Foucault's later works on technologies of the self. That is, in Panoptic dispositifs in particular, as well as in settings involving power/knowledge configurations defining 'normality' more generally, individuals may end up exercising power over themselves without any coercion. It is argued here that the development of modern information and communication technologies may be said to produce a setting, the description of which as 'panoptic' is even more pertinent than was the case with respect to Western societies of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Building upon recent empirical works on the 'chilling effect,' particularly in the wake of Edward Snowden's revelations in 2013, the article discusses modern technologies of the self-self-restraint and self-censorship-that new technologies, enabling different forms of surveillance, produce in Western societies. It also outlines the areas in which the notion of the Panopticon may be useful in terms of guiding research into self-discipline and self-restraint in the context of the proliferation of modern techniques of surveillance.

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Section: Surveillance and Society 16(2) 228mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance, Panopticism, and Self-Discipline in the Digital Age

Manokha

2018

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“…For some commentators, the proliferation and systematic interconnection of technologies of surveillance clearly point to a ‘world of no escape’ where the ‘chilling effects of anticipatory conformity’ (Zuboff, 2015: 82) generate a quasi-automatic functioning of ‘the system’. Such accounts are supported by empirical studies that demonstrate how individual citizens, journalists (Lashmar, 2017; Pen American Center, 2013), social media users and others change their (online) behaviour in a self-censoring and self-disciplining way. This points to the inherent dangers and demonstrates how panoptic principles survive or revive in (so-called post-panoptic) digital contexts (Manhoka, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dis/organising visibilities: Governmentalisation and counter-transparency

Weiskopf

2021

Organization

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This paper situates organisational transparency in an agonistic space that is shaped by the interplay of ‘mechanisms of power that adhere to a truth’ and critical practices that come from below in a movement of ‘not being governed like that and at that cost’ (Foucault, 2003: 265). This positioning involves an understanding of transparency as a practice that is historically contingent and multiple, and thus negotiable and contested. By illustrating the entanglement of ‘power through transparency’ and ‘counter-transparency’ with reference to the example of Edward Snowden’s whistleblowing, the paper contributes to the critique of transparency and to debates on the use of Foucauldian concepts in post-panoptic contexts of organising. By introducing the notion of ‘counter-transparency’, the paper expands the conceptual vocabulary for understanding the politics and ethics of managing and organising visibility.

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“…These have tended to emphasise experiences of disproportionately affected populations, and those – such as members of protest, opposition or political movements – whose position in society elicits a concern that they will be targeted with surveillance. Among these, studies of journalistic practices after Snowden reported changes in relationships with confidential sources (Lashmar, 2016; Waters, 2017), ‘“chilling” the flow of information’ to journalists (Lashmar, 2016: 682), and increasing vigilance and security measures adopted to protect sources (Waters, 2017).…”

Section: What Is the ‘Chilling Effect’?mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘I started seeing shadows everywhere’: The diverse chilling effects of surveillance in Zimbabwe

et al. 2023

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Recent years have witnessed growing ubiquity and potency of state surveillance measures with heightened implications for human rights and social justice. While impacts of surveillance are routinely framed through ‘privacy’ narratives, emphasising ‘chilling effects’ surfaces a more complex range of harms and rights implications for those who are, or believe they are, subjected to surveillance. Although first emphasised during the McCarthy era, surveillance ‘chilling effects’ remain under-researched, particularly in Africa. Drawing on rare interview data from participants subjected to state-sponsored surveillance in Zimbabwe, the paper reveals complex assemblages of state and non-state actors involved in diverse and expansive hybrid online–offline monitoring. While scholarship has recently emphasised the importance of large-scale digital mass surveillance, the Zimbabwean context reveals complex assemblages of ‘big data’, social media and other digital monitoring combining with more traditional human surveillance practices. Such inseparable online–offline imbrications compound the scale, scope and impact of surveillance and invite analyses as an integrated ensemble. The paper evidences how these surveillance activities exert chilling effects that vary in form, scope and intensity, and implicate rights essential to the development of personal identity and effective functioning of participatory democracy. Moreover, the data reveals impacts beyond the individual to the vicarious and collective. These include gendered dimensions, eroded interpersonal trust and the depleted ability of human rights defenders to organise and particulate in democratic processes. Overall, surveillance chilling effects exert a wide spectrum of outcomes which consequently interfere with enjoyment of multiple rights and hold both short- and long-term implications for democratic participation.

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Abstract: This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link:

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Surveillance, Panopticism, and Self-Discipline in the Digital Age

Surveillance, Panopticism, and Self-Discipline in the Digital Age

Dis/organising visibilities: Governmentalisation and counter-transparency

‘I started seeing shadows everywhere’: The diverse chilling effects of surveillance in Zimbabwe

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