No news from old drawings? Stomach anatomy in muroid rodents in relation to body size and ecology

Steiner, Natalie; Clauss, Marcus; Martin, Louise F.; Imper, Corina; Meloro, Carlo; Duque-Correa, María J.

doi:10.1002/jmor.21496

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The cornified epithelium is also thought to be an adaptation for temporary food storage (Boonzaier et al, 2013;Perrin & Curtis, 1980;Walters et al, 2014). More recently, a role for the non-glandular part has emphasized it as a possible site of an acid-producing microbiome that gives a protective potential against harmful effects of various toxic and infectious agents (Steiner et al, 2022). complex, two-chambered (bilocular) hemiglandular stomach with a more acute incisura angularis (Sahd et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the digestive system of the lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)

Likidkarnchanakornkij,

Jindatip,

Wannaprasert

2023

Anat Histol Embryol

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The lesser bamboo rat is a fossorial rodent within the monotypic genus Cannomys, family Spalacidae and is found in Indochina. The present work provides the first detailed description of the morphology of its digestive system, as examined by gross dissection and histological examination. The oesophagus was lined by a heavily keratinized epithelium and contained mostly striated muscles in the muscularis externa. The stomach was of the unilocular‐hemiglandular type with a cornified squamous area at the fundus separated from the glandular area by the limiting ridge. The length ratio of the small intestine to the entire intestine was relatively low compared to that in other rodents. The caecum contained five to seven haustra and numerous lymphoid tissues, but no distinct appendix. Within the long colon, two non‐papillated longitudinal folds forming a colonic groove, V‐shaped mucosal folds like fishbones and abundant goblet cells were apparent. A five‐lobed liver with a gallbladder and a diffuse pancreas were evident. These findings may indicate that the lesser bamboo rat is a caecal fermenter capable of feeding on highly abrasive plant material. Fermentation may take place via a mucus‐trap colonic separation mechanism without coprophagy. The digestive system of the lesser bamboo rat is somewhat different from that of spalacid relatives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the digestive system of the lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)

Likidkarnchanakornkij,

Jindatip,

Wannaprasert

2023

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…Stomach complexity is not related to diet across all or across terrestrial mammals [30], mainly owing to the fact that it is not only herbivorous foregut fermenters (see below) that have complex stomachs [39], but also the faunivorous cetaceans [40], and the muroid rodents for which no link to diet could be established so far [41].…”

Section: (B) Git and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) Foregut microbe farming: digesta washing By necessity, the microbes in any foregut will ultimately be flushed together with the food contents towards the stomach and small intestine and hence be digested, adding all mammals with a microbiome-colonized foregut among the microbe farmers. Muroid rodents with a microbiomecolonized foregut as well as a microbiome-colonized caecum and separation mechanism-based coprophagy [41] could be considered 'dual-location farmers' in this respect. One could theoretically challenge the view that foregut fermenters are microbe farmers by claiming that this is an inadvertent but not desired side effect of these foreguts.…”

Section: (D) Mammalian Microbe Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teeth and the gastrointestinal tract in mammals: when 1 + 1 = 3

Clauss,

Fritz,

Hummel

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Both teeth and the digestive tract show adaptations that are commonly interpreted in the context of trophic guilds—faunivory, herbivory and omnivory. Teeth prepare food for the digestive tract, and dental evolution focuses on increasing durability and functionality; in particular, size reduction of plant particles is an important preparation for microbial fermentative digestion. In narratives of digestive adaptations, microbes are typically considered as service providers, facilitating digestion. That the majority of ‘herbivorous’ (and possibly ‘omnivorous’) mammals display adaptations to maximize microbes' use as prey—by harvesting the microbes multiplying in their guts—is less emphasized and not reflected in trophic labels. Harvesting of microbes occurs either via coprophagy after separation from indigestible material by a separation mechanism in the hindgut, or from a forestomach by a ‘washing mechanism’ that selectively removes fines, including microbes, to the lower digestive tract. The evolution of this washing mechanism as part of the microbe farming niche opened the opportunity for the evolution of another mechanism that links teeth and guts in an innovative way—the sorting and cleaning of not-yet-sufficiently-size-reduced food that is then re-submitted to repeated mastication (rumination), leading to unprecedented chewing and digestive efficiency. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals’.

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Characterization of the gastrointestinal microbiome of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and comparison to data from mice

Böswald,

Popper,

Matzek

et al. 2024

FEBS Open Bio

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Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) have been increasingly used as rodent models in recent years, especially for SARS‐CoV‐2 since the pandemic. However, the physiology of this animal model is not yet well‐understood, even less when considering the digestive tract. Generally, the gastrointestinal microbiome influences the immune system, drug metabolism, and vaccination efficacy. However, a detailed understanding of the gastrointestinal microbiome of hamsters is missing. Therefore, we analyzed 10 healthy 11‐week‐old RjHan:AURA hamsters fed a pelleted standard diet. Their gastrointestinal content was sampled (i.e., forestomach, glandular stomach, ileum, cecum, and colon) and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results displayed a distinct difference in the bacterial community before and after the cecum, possibly due to the available nutrients and digestive functions. Next, we compared hamsters with the literature data of young‐adult C57BL/6J mice, another important animal model. We sampled the same gastrointestinal regions and analyzed the differences in the microbiome between both rodents. Surprisingly, we found strong differences in their specific gastrointestinal bacterial communities. For instance, Lactobacillaceae were more abundant in hamsters' forestomach and ileum, while Muribaculaceae dominated in the mouse forestomach and ileum. Similarly, in mouse cecum and colon, Muribaculaceae were dominant, while in hamsters, Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae dominated the bacterial community. Molecular strains of Muribaculaceae in both rodent species displayed some species specificity. This comparison allows a better understanding of the suitability of the Syrian hamster as an animal model, especially regarding its comparability to other rodent models. Thereby, this work contributes to the characterization of the hamster model and allows better experimental planning.

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No news from old drawings? Stomach anatomy in muroid rodents in relation to body size and ecology

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Morphology of the digestive system of the lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)

Morphology of the digestive system of the lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)

Teeth and the gastrointestinal tract in mammals: when 1 + 1 = 3

Characterization of the gastrointestinal microbiome of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and comparison to data from mice

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