No plant functional diversity effects on foliar fungal pathogens in experimental tree communities

Hantsch, Lydia; Braun, Uwe; Haase, Joséphine; Purschke, Oliver; Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael; Bruelheide, Helge

doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0273-2

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Moreover, a plot‐based evaluation (such as that employed in the BIOTREE experiment by Hantsch et al . ) was not possible, as we only focused on two target species, which did not occur in all plots. The outermost row in all plots was not sampled to ensure that all target trees could potentially have six trees in their local plant neighbourhood.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree diversity and the role of non‐host neighbour tree species in reducing fungal pathogen infestation

et al. 2014

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The degree to which plant pathogen infestation occurs in a host plant is expected to be strongly influenced by the level of species diversity among neighbouring host and non-host plant species. Since pathogen infestation can negatively affect host plant performance, it can mediate the effects of local biodiversity on ecosystem functioning.We tested the effects of tree diversity and the proportion of neighbouring host and non-host species with respect to the foliar fungal pathogens of Tilia cordata and Quercus petraea in the Kreinitz tree diversity experiment in Germany. We hypothesized that fungal pathogen richness increases while infestation decreases with increasing local tree diversity. In addition, we tested whether fungal pathogen richness and infestation are dependent on the proportion of host plant species present or on the proportion of particular non-host neighbouring tree species.Leaves of the two target species were sampled across three consecutive years with visible foliar fungal pathogens on the leaf surface being identified macro- and microscopically. Effects of diversity among neighbouring trees were analysed: (i) for total fungal species richness and fungal infestation on host trees and (ii) for infestation by individual fungal species.We detected four and five fungal species on T. cordata and Q. petraea, respectively. High local tree diversity reduced (i) total fungal species richness and infestation of T. cordata and fungal infestation of Q. petraea and (ii) infestation by three host-specialized fungal pathogen species. These effects were brought about by local tree diversity and were independent of host species proportion. In general, host species proportion had almost no effect on fungal species richness and infestation. Strong effects associated with the proportion of particular non-host neighbouring tree species on fungal species richness and infestation were, however, recorded.Synthesis. For the first time, we experimentally demonstrated that for two common forestry tree species, foliar fungal pathogen richness and infestation depend on local biodiversity. Thus, local tree diversity can have positive impacts on ecosystem functioning in managed forests by decreasing the level of fungal pathogen infestation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree diversity and the role of non‐host neighbour tree species in reducing fungal pathogen infestation

et al. 2014

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“…As plant parasites, fungi can cause significant economic loss with far-reaching social implications and consequences in agriculture, forestry and natural ecosystems (Fisher et al 2012). They are also part of the natural ecosystem and play an important role in regulation of species (Hantsch et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014)

et al. 2014

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Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and forestry. They are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/density. Morphological identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi, while important, is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these fungi. Molecular (DNA sequence) data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies, although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical methods. To facilitate current and future research, this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucormycotina (Fungi), and Oomycota, using recent molecular data, up-to-date names, and the latest taxonomic insights. Lineagespecific laboratory protocols together with advice on their application, as well as general observations, are also provided. We hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data emerge. Researchers of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future effort. Bipolaris, Botryosphaeriaceae,

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“…Higher biodiversity may decrease the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases, thus providing a “dilution effect” as an important ecosystem service, or it may instead amplify the emergence and spread of diseases (Civitello et al., ; Johnson, Ostfeld, & Keesing, ; Keesing, Holt, & Ostfeld, ; Ostfeld & Keesing, ). Field studies in both natural and artificial ecosystems (mainly random species loss experiments; e.g., Hantsch, Braun, Scherer‐Lorenzen, & Bruelheide, ; Hantsch et al., ; Knops et al., ; Liu, Lyu, Zhou, & Bradshaw, ; Mitchell, Tilman, & Groth, ; Rottstock, Joshi, Kummer, & Fischer, ), and also meta‐analysis (Civitello et al., ), have overwhelmingly documented dilution rather than amplification effects; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, although the randomized species losses in these experiments isolated the effect of species number per se on disease prevalence, avoiding confounding effects of species identity (Huston, ), randomized species lose almost does not occur in natural conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random species loss underestimates dilution effects of host diversity on foliar fungal diseases under fertilization

Liu

Chen

Lyu

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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With increasing attention being paid to the consequences of global biodiversity losses, several recent studies have demonstrated that realistic species losses can have larger impacts than random species losses on community productivity and resilience. However, little is known about the effects of the order in which species are lost on biodiversity–disease relationships. Using a multiyear nitrogen addition and artificial warming experiment in natural assemblages of alpine meadow vegetation on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, we inferred the sequence of plant species losses under fertilization/warming. Then the sequence of species losses under fertilization/warming was used to simulate the species loss orders (both realistic and random) in an adjacently novel removal experiment manipulating plot‐level plant diversity. We explicitly compared the effect sizes of random versus realistic species losses simulated from fertilization/warming on plant foliar fungal diseases. We found that realistic species losses simulated from fertilization had greater effects than random losses on fungal diseases, and that species identity drove the diversity–disease relationship. Moreover, the plant species most prone to foliar fungal diseases were also the least vulnerable to extinction under fertilization, demonstrating the importance of protecting low competence species (the ability to maintain and transmit fungal infections was low) to impede the spread of infectious disease. In contrast, there was no difference between random and realistic species loss scenarios simulated from experimental warming (or the combination of warming and fertilization) on the diversity–disease relationship, indicating that the functional consequences of species losses may vary under different drivers.

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No plant functional diversity effects on foliar fungal pathogens in experimental tree communities

Cited by 39 publications

References 85 publications

Tree diversity and the role of non‐host neighbour tree species in reducing fungal pathogen infestation

Tree diversity and the role of non‐host neighbour tree species in reducing fungal pathogen infestation

One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014)

Random species loss underestimates dilution effects of host diversity on foliar fungal diseases under fertilization

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