NO PLIF flow visualization and time-resolved temperature distributions in laser induced breakdown plumes

Abstract

NO planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) is used to obtain images of laser-induced breakdown plasma plumes in NO-seeded nitrogen and dry air at near atmospheric pressure. Single-shot PLIF-images show that the plume development 5–50 μs after the breakdown pulse is fairly reproducible shot-to-shot, although the plume becomes increasingly stochastic on longer timescales, 100–500 μs. The stochastic behavior of the plume is quantified using probability distributions of the loci of the plume boundary. Analysis of the single-shot images indicates that the mixing of the plume with ambient gas on sub-ms time scale is insignificant. The induced flow velocity in the plume is fairly low, up to 30 m s−1, suggesting that laser breakdowns are ineffective for mixing enhancement in high speed flows. The ensemble-averaged PLIF images indicate the evolution of the plume from an initially elongated shape to near-spherical to toroidal shape, with a subsequent radial expansion and formation of an axial jet in the center. Temperature distributions in the plume in air are obtained from the NO PLIF images, using two rotational transitions in the NO(X, v′ = 0 → A, v″ = 0) band, J″ = 6.5 and 12.5 of the QR12 + Q2 branch. The results indicate that the temperature in the plume remains high, above 1000 K, for approximately 100 μs, after which it decays gradually, to below 500 K at 500 μs. The residual NO fraction in the plume is ∼0.1%, indicating that repetitive laser-assisted ignition may result in significant NO-generation. These measured temperature and velocity distributions can be used for detailed validation of kinetic models of laser-induced breakdown and assessment of their predictive capability.

Mechanism of nonequilibrium plasma-enhanced ignition in the event of dual-pulse laser energy deposition

“…Experimental and numerical results of the plasma kernel formation predicted a two-lobed structure in air [65][66][67] and high pressure argon plasma irradiated through an excimer laser [68]. An experimental and modeling study of laser induced breakdown also confirmed the generation of the third lobe [69][70][71][72][73], whereas, the appearance of a four-lobed structure for successive laser pulse was reported due to a beam focus at a larger offset (∼2.5 mm) [74]. The formation of a fourth lobe was also reported due to upstream focusing at a stoichiometric mixture [75] and a larger pulse interval [76,77].…”