“No somos iguales”: The effect of household economic standing on women's energy intake in the Andes

Graham, Margaret A.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.018

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, other dietary studies have been completed in the Puno region [19–23]. Similar to our findings, many reported that rural residents received a substantial portion of their calories from potatoes or chuño, a stored and dehydrated potato [19–21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Another limitation of our study is that it was completed in the pre-harvest season. A study showed that mean energy intake of low socioeconomic status, rural Puno households was lower in the pre-harvest season, which could have contributed to limited dietary diversity and relatively low caloric intake reported by low-income rural residents in our study [23]. In terms of physical activity assessment, a key strength of this study was that participants wore the pedometer for a minimum of 3 days, so as to characterize average physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparities in dietary intake and physical activity patterns across the urbanization divide in the Peruvian Andes

McCloskey

Tarazona-Meza

Jones-Smith

et al. 2017

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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BackgroundDiet and activity are thought to worsen with urbanization, thereby increasing risk of obesity and chronic diseases. A better understanding of dietary and activity patterns across the urbanization divide may help identify pathways, and therefore intervention targets, leading to the epidemic of overweight seen in low- and middle-income populations. Therefore, we sought to characterize diet and activity in a population-based study of urban and rural residents in Puno, Peru.MethodsWe compared diet and activity in 1005 (503 urban, 502 rural) participants via a lifestyle questionnaire. We then recruited an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 50 (25 urban, 25 rural) participants to further characterize diet and activity. Among these participants, diet composition and macronutrient intake was assessed by three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and physical activity was assessed using Omron JH-720itc pedometers.ResultsAmong 1005 participants, we found that urban residents consumed protein-rich foods, refined grains, sugary items, and fresh produce more frequently than rural residents. Among the 50 subsample participants, urban dwellers consumed more protein (47 vs. 39 g; p = 0.05), more carbohydrates (280 vs. 220 g; p = 0.03), more sugary foods (98 vs. 48 g, p = 0.02) and had greater dietary diversity (6.4 vs 5.8; p = 0.04). Rural subsample participants consumed more added salt (3.1 vs 1.7 g, p = 0.006) and tended to consume more vegetable oil. As estimated by pedometers, urban subsample participants burned fewer calories per day (191 vs 270 kcal, p = 0.03).ConclusionsAlthough urbanization is typically thought to increase consumption of fat, sugar and salt, our 24-h recall results were mixed and showed lower levels of obesity in rural Puno were not necessarily indicative of nutritionally-balanced diets. All subsample participants had relatively traditional lifestyles (low fat intake, limited consumption of processed foods and frequent walking) that may play a role in chronic disease outcomes in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in dietary intake and physical activity patterns across the urbanization divide in the Peruvian Andes

McCloskey

Tarazona-Meza

Jones-Smith

et al. 2017

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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“…Understanding the social determinants of household food insecurity is important for designing public health policies and programmes to increase individuals' access to food in poor settings. Lack of economic resources is the most studied risk factor for household food insecurity in low-income countries (8)(9)(10) and is important for food security as households increasingly rely on purchased foods throughout the developing world (11) . However, not all poor households are food insecure and factors other than household income may be important determinants of food insecurity, as a recent review of research suggests (12) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal resources and household food security: evidence from Nicaragua

Schmeer

Piperata

Rodríguez

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Women (especially mothers) are theorized as critical to reducing household food insecurity through their work and caregiver roles. The present study tests these assumptions, assessing how maternal economic and social resources are associated with food insecurity in households with young children. Design: Data from a population-based sample of households was collected in León, Nicaragua (n 443). Data include a newly validated measure of household food insecurity (ELCSA), maternal resource measures, and household economic status and demographics. Regression analysis tests the statistical associations (P < 0·05) of maternal resources with household, adult-specific and child-specific food insecurity. Setting: Municipality of León, Nicaragua. Subjects: Households with children aged 3-11 years in rural and urban León. Results: Only 25 % of households with young children were food secure, with 50 % mildly food insecure and 25 % moderately/severely food insecure. When mothers contributed substantially to household income, the odds of moderate/severe household food insecurity were 34 % lower than when their spouse/partner was the main provider. The odds of food insecurity were 60 % lower when mothers managed household money, 48 % lower when mothers had a secondary (v. primary) education, 65 % higher among single mothers and 16 % lower with each indicator of social support. Results were similar for adult-and child-specific food insecurity. Conclusions: This research provides new evidence that maternal economic and social resources are important for reducing household food insecurity and adultand child-specific food insecurity. Women's social status, social support and access to economic resources need to be enhanced as a part of policies aimed to reduce food insecurity in high-poverty settings.

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“…Thus, we do not argue that deficient households were necessarily starving, but rather that they were at risk absent access to food via means other than direct agricultural production. Further, we do not argue that everyone in these households got an equitable share of food (ethnographic evidence suggests otherwise-see Graham 2004), but for simplicity our model assumes they did. Special needs individuals such as pregnant women, the elderly, small children, or the sick are more likely to suffer the deleterious consequences of these food shortages (Gordon et al 1967;Taylor and DeSweemer 1973;Frisancho 1978: 180-181;Hugo 1984;Watkins and Menken 1985: 655), though ethnographic research suggests that children receive disproportionate shares of household food in times of shortage (Leonard 1991).…”

Section: Modeling Production/demand Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 90%

Agriculture and Inequality in the Colonial Andes: A Simulation of Production and Consumption Using Administrative Documents

Wernke

Whitmore

2009

Hum Ecol

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During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, indigenous communities in the Viceroyalty of Peru suffered forced resettlement, introduced disease, and onerous colonial tribute levies. These produced an onslaught of petitions for new tribute counts, as their diminished populations were obliged to pay the head taxes set by earlier censuses. The resulting visitas (administrative surveys) provide a wealth of information on the demography and agricultural systems of colonial Andean communities. However, comparatively little quantitative research exists on the distribution of agricultural resources and the nutritional demands of households. We model agricultural production and nutritional demand using household demographic and landholding declarations in the visitas from the Colca Valley of southern highland Peru, combined with ethnographically-derived estimates of agricultural production and nutritional demand. The results indicate that despite surplus agricultural production in the aggregate, there were significant differences in intra-and intercommunity land wealth and production sufficiency ratios, leaving about 30% of households with caloric shortfalls. In contrast to regional-scale carrying capacity-type models, this simulation characterizes agricultural inequality within colonial Andean communities, and thus accounts for the hardship evidenced by tributary recount petitions, even in a breadbasket province from which much surplus production was extracted to fill colonial coffers.

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“No somos iguales”: The effect of household economic standing on women's energy intake in the Andes

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Disparities in dietary intake and physical activity patterns across the urbanization divide in the Peruvian Andes

Disparities in dietary intake and physical activity patterns across the urbanization divide in the Peruvian Andes

Maternal resources and household food security: evidence from Nicaragua

Agriculture and Inequality in the Colonial Andes: A Simulation of Production and Consumption Using Administrative Documents

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