NOy partitioning and budget and its correlation with N2O in the Arctic vortex and in summer midlatitudes in 1997

Wetzel, G.; Oelhaf, H.; Ruhnke, Roland; Friedl-Vallon, Felix; Kleinert, Anne; Kouker, W.; Maucher, G.; Reddmann, T.; Seefeldner, M.; Stowasser, M.; Trieschmann, Olaf; Clarmann, T. von; Fischer, H.

doi:10.1029/2001jd000916

Cited by 52 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Fahey et al, 1990). Kondo et al (1999) and Wetzel et al (2002) were able to show that their observed anomalous correlation between N 2 O and NO y inside the polar vortex in February and March 1997 was indeed mainly caused by dynamical effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Observation of mesospheric air inside the arctic stratospheric polar vortex in early 2003

et al. 2006

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Abstract. During several balloon flights inside the Arctic polar vortex in early 2003, unusual trace gas distributions were observed, which indicate a strong influence of mesospheric air in the stratosphere. The tuneable diode laser (TDL) instrument SPIRALE (Spectroscopie Infra-Rouge par Absorption de Lasers Embarqués) measured unusually high CO values (up to 600 ppb) on 27 January at about 30 km altitude. The cryosampler BONBON sampled air masses with very high molecular Hydrogen, extremely low SF 6 and enhanced CO values on 6 March at about 25 km altitude. Finally, the MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrometer showed NO y values which are significantly higher than NO y * (the NO y derived from a correlation between N 2 O and NO y under undisturbed conditions), on 21 and 22 March in a layer centred at 22 km altitude. Thus, the mesospheric air seems to have been present in a layer descending from about 30 km in late January to 25 km altitude in early March and about 22 km altitude on 20 March. We present corroborating evidence from a model study using the KASIMA (KArlsruhe SImulation model of the Middle Atmosphere) model that also shows a layer of mesospheric air, which descended into the stratosphere in November and early December 2002, before the minor warming which occurred in late December 2002 lead to a descent of upper stratospheric air, cutting off a layer in which mesospheric air is present. This layer then descended inside the vortex over the course of the winter. The same feature is found in trajectory calculations, based on a large number of trajectories started in the vicinity of the observations on 6 March. Based on the difference between the mean age derived from SF 6 (which has an irreversible mesoCorrespondence to: A. Engel (an.engel@meteor.uni-frankfurt.de) spheric loss) and from CO 2 (whose mesospheric loss is much smaller and reversible) we estimate that the fraction of mesospheric air in the layer observed on 6 March, must have been somewhere between 35% and 100%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The precision of retrieved profiles is typically 3-7% and the accuracy reaches 7-15 % (see, e.g. Wetzel et al, 2002).…”

Section: Mipas-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of mesospheric air inside the arctic stratospheric polar vortex in early 2003

et al. 2006

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“…The temperature retrieval 1-σ accuracy is estimated to be within about 1 K. Then, VMR profiles of the target species are individually retrieved in selected spectral regions (see Table 1). A detailed overview on the analysis of nitrogen-and chlorine-containing molecules is given in Wetzel et al (2002Wetzel et al ( , 2010. The error estimation of the target parameter consists of random and systematic errors which were added quadratically to yield the total error which refers to the 1-σ confidence limit.…”

Section: G Wetzel Et Al: Diurnal Variations Of Reactive Chlorine Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variations of reactive chlorine and nitrogen oxides observed by MIPAS-B inside the January 2010 Arctic vortex

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The winter 2009/2010 was characterized by a strong Arctic vortex with extremely cold mid-winter temperatures in the lower stratosphere associated with an intense activation of reactive chlorine compounds (ClO x ) from reservoir species. Stratospheric limb emission spectra were recorded during a flight of the balloon version of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-B) from Kiruna (Sweden) on 24 January 2010 inside the Arctic vortex. Several fast limb sequences of spectra (in time steps of about 10 min) were measured from nighttime photochemical equilibrium to local noon allowing the retrieval of chlorine-and nitrogen-containing species which change rapidly their concentration around the terminator between night and day. Mixing ratios of species like ClO, NO 2 , and N 2 O 5 show significant changes around sunrise, which are temporally delayed due to polar stratospheric clouds reducing the direct radiative flux from the sun. ClO variations were derived for the first time from MIPAS-B spectra. Daytime ClO values of up to 1.6 ppbv are visible in a broad chlorine activated layer below 26 km correlated with low values (below 0.1 ppbv) of the chlorine reservoir species ClONO 2 . Observations are compared and discussed with calculations performed with the 3-dimensional Chemistry Climate Model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry). Mixing ratios of the species ClO, NO 2 , and N 2 O 5 are well reproduced by the model during night and noon. However, the onset of ClO production and NO 2 loss around the terminator in the model is not consistent with the measurements. The MIPAS-B observations along with Tropospheric UltravioletVisible (TUV) radiation model calculations suggest that polar stratospheric clouds lead to a delayed start followed by a faster increase of the photodissoziation of ClOOCl and NO 2 near the morning terminator since stratospheric clouds alter the direct and the diffuse flux of solar radiation. These effects are not considered in the EMAC model simulations which assume a cloudless atmosphere.

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“…Absorption cross-sections of ClONO 2 originate from Wagner and Birk (2003). The microwindows used for the retrieval are basically the ones described by Wetzel et al (2002).…”

Section: Measurement Technique and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter have been mainly based on airborne and spaceborne remote sensing during day-and nighttime in emission or at sunrise and sunset in occultation (e.g. Toon, 1987;Abbas et al, 1991;Sen et al, 1998;Danilin et al, 1999;Osterman et al, 1999;Küll et al, 2002;Stowasser et al, 2002Stowasser et al, , 2003Wetzel et al, 2002;Mengistu Tsidu et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal variations of NOy species in the northern latitudes stratosphere measured with the balloon-borne MIPAS instrument

Wiegele¹,

Kleinert²,

Oelhaf³

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This paper presents the spatio-temporal distribution of NO y species at altitudes between 14 and 31 km as measured with the MIPAS-B instrument on the morning of 21 March 2003 in northern Scandinavia. At lower altitudes (below about 22 km), temperature variations, the distribution of ClONO 2 , and the tracer N 2 O reveal the dynamics through the edge of the late arctic polar vortex. At higher altitudes, continuous measurement before, during, and after sunrise provides information about photochemistry illustrating the evolution of the photochemically active gases NO 2 and N 2 O 5 around sunrise. The measured temporal evolution of NO 2 and N 2 O 5 is compared to box modelling that is run along backward calculated trajectories. While the comparison of measured and modelled N 2 O 5 reveals significant differences, there is a good agreement between the model and observations for NO 2 in terms of volume mixing ratios but the simulated decrease shortly after sunrise is underestimated compared to the measurements. The differences are attributed to the photolysis rates used in the box model calculations.

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NO_y partitioning and budget and its correlation with N₂O in the Arctic vortex and in summer midlatitudes in 1997

Cited by 52 publications

References 53 publications

Observation of mesospheric air inside the arctic stratospheric polar vortex in early 2003

Observation of mesospheric air inside the arctic stratospheric polar vortex in early 2003

Diurnal variations of reactive chlorine and nitrogen oxides observed by MIPAS-B inside the January 2010 Arctic vortex

Spatio-temporal variations of NO<sub>y</sub> species in the northern latitudes stratosphere measured with the balloon-borne MIPAS instrument

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NOy partitioning and budget and its correlation with N2O in the Arctic vortex and in summer midlatitudes in 1997

Cited by 52 publications

References 53 publications

Observation of mesospheric air inside the arctic stratospheric polar vortex in early 2003

Observation of mesospheric air inside the arctic stratospheric polar vortex in early 2003

Diurnal variations of reactive chlorine and nitrogen oxides observed by MIPAS-B inside the January 2010 Arctic vortex

Spatio-temporal variations of NO&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; species in the northern latitudes stratosphere measured with the balloon-borne MIPAS instrument

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NO_y partitioning and budget and its correlation with N₂O in the Arctic vortex and in summer midlatitudes in 1997

Spatio-temporal variations of NO<sub>y</sub> species in the northern latitudes stratosphere measured with the balloon-borne MIPAS instrument