No UV-bright Eruptions from SN 2023ixf in GALEX Imaging 15–20 yr Before Explosion

Flinner, Nicholas; Tucker, Michael A.; Beacom, John F.; Shappee, Benjamin J.

doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acefc4

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Neustadt et al (2023) found that transient with peak luminosity >2 × 10 39 erg −1 cannot happen during 1-15 yr before the SN explosion. Higher nondetection limits can be also seen in Flinner et al (2023) in ultraviolet bands.…”

Section: Mass-loss Ratementioning

confidence: 93%

The Dusty Red Supergiant Progenitor and the Local Environment of the Type II SN 2023ixf in M101

Niu,

Sun,

Maund

et al. 2023

ApJL

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As one of the closest supernovae (SNe) in the last decade, SN 2023ixf is an unprecedented target to investigate the progenitor star that exploded. However, there is still significant uncertainty in the reported progenitor properties. In this work, we present a detailed study of SN 2023ixf’s progenitor with two independent analyses. We first modeled its spectral energy distribution (SED) based on Hubble Space Telescope optical, Spitzer mid-infrared (IR), and ground-based near-IR data. We find that stellar pulsation and circumstellar extinction have great impacts on SED fitting, and the result suggests a relatively massive red supergiant surrounded by C-rich dust with an initial mass of 16.2–17.4 M ⊙. The corresponding rate of mass loss occurring at least 3 yr before the SN explosion is about 2 × 10−4 M ⊙ yr−1. We also derived the star formation history of the SN environment based on resolved stellar populations, and the most recent star-forming epoch corresponds to a progenitor initial mass of 17–19 M ⊙, in agreement with that from our SED fitting. Therefore, we conclude that the progenitor of SN 2023ixf is close to the high-mass end for Type II SN progenitors.

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Section: Mass-loss Ratementioning

confidence: 93%

The Dusty Red Supergiant Progenitor and the Local Environment of the Type II SN 2023ixf in M101

Niu,

Sun,

Maund

et al. 2023

ApJL

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“…These findings indicate that the progenitor of SN 2023ixf is fairly luminous compared to previously observed RSG SN progenitors, suggesting a massive RSG (e.g., Smartt 2015). Using archival Galaxy Evolution Explorer data, Flinner et al (2023) explore the near-and far-ultraviolet activity of the progenitor of SN 2023ixf up to 20 yr prior to the explosion, finding no outbursts in the UV to limits of L NUV = 1000 L e and L FUV = 2000 L e . Dong et al (2023) investigate the pre-SN photometry obtained with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), and DLT40.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Other investigations into pre-SN outbursts in SN 2023ixf also have not found evidence for any detectable signatures (Flinner et al 2023;Neustadt et al 2024;Panjkov et al 2023), although to varying limits. Our outburst constraints and photometric limits are comparable to those found by Dong et al (2023), who derive an upper limit to the ejecta mass of 0.015 M e based on the models of Tsuna et al (2023; compared to our ejecta mass limit of <0.3 M e ) for a hydrodynamical model that had peak M r ; −8 mag.…”

Section: Searching For Presupernova Outbursts With a Neural Net Class...mentioning

confidence: 88%

SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: The Twilight Years of the Progenitor as Seen by Pan-STARRS

Ransome,

Villar,

Tartaglia

et al. 2024

ApJ

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The nearby type II supernova, SN 2023ixf in M101 exhibits signatures of early time interaction with circumstellar material in the first week postexplosion. This material may be the consequence of prior mass loss suffered by the progenitor, which possibly manifested in the form of a detectable presupernova outburst. We present an analysis of long-baseline preexplosion photometric data in the g, w, r, i, z, and y filters from Pan-STARRS as part of the Young Supernova Experiment, spanning ∼5000 days. We find no significant detections in the Pan-STARRS preexplosion light curves. We train a multilayer perceptron neural network to classify presupernova outbursts. We find no evidence of eruptive presupernova activity to a limiting absolute magnitude of −7 mag. The limiting magnitudes from the full set of gwrizy (average absolute magnitude ≈ −8 mag) data are consistent with previous preexplosion studies. We use deep photometry from the literature to constrain the progenitor of SN 2023ixf, finding that these data are consistent with a dusty red supergiant progenitor with luminosity log L / L ⊙ ≈ 5.12 and temperature ≈ 3950 K, corresponding to a mass of 14–20 M ⊙.

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“…Ransome et al (2023) also found no significant detections in long-baseline, multiband Pan-STARRS light curves prior to explosion. Flinner et al (2023) also ruled out luminous UV eruptions 15-20 yr prior to explosion. Dong et al (2023) examined over ∼5 yr of preexplosion data from the DLT40, Zwicky Transient Facility, and ATLAS surveys and also concluded that the probability of precursor outbursts is low.…”

Section: Further Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SN 2023ixf Progenitor in M101. II. Properties

Van Dyk,

Srinivasan,

Andrews

et al. 2024

ApJ

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We follow our first paper with an analysis of the ensemble of the extensive preexplosion ground- and space-based infrared observations of the red supergiant (RSG) progenitor candidate for the nearby core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf in Messier 101, together with optical data prior to the explosion obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We have confirmed the association of the progenitor candidate with the supernova (SN), as well as constrained the metallicity at the SN site, based on SN observations with instruments at Gemini-North. The internal host extinction to the SN has also been confirmed from a high-resolution Keck spectrum. We fit the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) for the star, accounting for its intrinsic variability, with dust radiative-transfer modeling, which assumes a silicate-rich dust shell ahead of the underlying stellar photosphere. The star is heavily dust obscured, likely the dustiest progenitor candidate yet encountered. We found median estimates of the star’s effective temperature and luminosity of 2770 K and 9.0 × 104 L ⊙, with 68% credible intervals of 2340–3150 K and (7.5–10.9) × 104 L ⊙, respectively. The candidate may have a Galactic RSG analog, IRC −10414, with a strikingly similar SED and luminosity. Via comparison with single-star evolutionary models we have constrained the initial mass of the progenitor candidate from 12 M ⊙ to as high as 14 M ⊙. We have had available to us an extraordinary view of the SN 2023ixf progenitor candidate, which should be further followed up in future years with HST and the James Webb Space Telescope.

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No UV-bright Eruptions from SN 2023ixf in GALEX Imaging 15–20 yr Before Explosion

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

The Dusty Red Supergiant Progenitor and the Local Environment of the Type II SN 2023ixf in M101

The Dusty Red Supergiant Progenitor and the Local Environment of the Type II SN 2023ixf in M101

SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: The Twilight Years of the Progenitor as Seen by Pan-STARRS

The SN 2023ixf Progenitor in M101. II. Properties

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