Noble Metal Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Electrochemical and Optical Detection of Viruses Causing Respiratory Illnesses

Abstract

Noble metal nanomaterials, such as gold, silver, and platinum, have been studied extensively in broad scientific fields because of their unique properties, including superior conductivity, plasmonic property, and biocompatibility. Due to their unique properties, researchers have used them to fabricate biosensors. Recently, biosensors for detecting respiratory illness-inducing viruses have gained attention after the global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this mini-review, we discuss noble metal nanomaterials and associated biosensors for detecting respiratory illness-causing viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, using electrochemical and optical detection techniques. this review will provide interdisciplinary knowledge about the application of noble metal nanomaterials to the biomedical field.

Electrochemical biosensor detection on respiratory and flaviviruses

“…However, there are also limitations associated in using nanomaterials, e.g. unstable morphology control, exhibit of toxicity, and low biocompatibility (Choi et al 2021 ). Therefore, characterization of synthesized probe and optimization procedures with the respective analyte detection are vital to prepare a high-sensitivity, reproducibility, and portable sensor device (Dhal et al 2020 ).…”

Recent Advances in Aptamer-Based Sensors for Sensitive Detection of Neurotransmitters

“…Recently, various metals, such as Au, Pt, Ag, and Cu, have been used for biosensor development [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. Various attempts have been made to use hybrid forms of metals to increase the sensitivity of biosensors.…”

Functional Nanomaterials for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2: a Review

“…众所周知，金的高催化活性、高生物相容性、 高导电性使其在电化学、光催化领域中应用广泛。 金纳米颗粒(Au nanoparticles, AuNPs)修饰的电极 可以进一步提高电化学活性的比表面积和传质速率。 更加重要的是，AuNPs 易于作进一步表面修饰(如 蛋白质和 DNA 分子修饰 [42][43][44][45] ) ，修饰后电传导性仍 然很强，因而可作为病毒特异捕获和高灵敏检测的 理想材料。 Tripathy 等 [46] [46][47][48] Fig. 2 Electrochemical biosensor based on gold nanomaterials for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 [46][47][48] (a) Schematic diagram of probe DNA fixation and target nucleotide hybridization on gold electrode [46] ; (b) SEM images of 3D gold nanoneedle structures [47] ;(c-e) Square wave stripping voltammetric response and corresponding calibration plots of 3D gold nanoneedle modified electrode toward S and ORF1ab genes [47] ; (f) SEM image of PEDOT/AuNPs/AG nanocomposites [48] ; (g) TEM image of PEDOT/AuNPs/AG [48] ; (h-i) Nyquist plot and corresponding calibration plots of the PEDOT/AuNPs/AG/BSA modified electrode toward different positive serum concentrations [48] 然而，AuNPs 易于团聚，这限制了其在生物分 析领域中的应用。为此，有必要着力发展负载型催 化剂，以改变这种状况。一方面，AuNPs 与载体材 料复合后，可以减少其浸出与团聚；另一方面，载 体材料与客体材料之间的协同作用可以进一步提高 催化活性。 Lorenzen 等 [48] 制备了 AuNPs/聚乙烯二氧 噻吩纳米复合材料(AuNPs/PEDOT) ，以其修饰电 极用于检测人体血清样本中的 COVID-19 抗体。…”