Nocardia araoensis sp. nov. and Nocardia pneumoniae sp. nov., isolated from patients in Japan

Kageyama, Akiko; Yazawa, Kazunaga; Mukai, Akira; Kohara, Tadahiro; Nishimura, Kazuko; Kroppenstedt, Reiner M.; Mikami, Yuzuru

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63074-0

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is partly due to the discrepancy between the manufacturers' recommendations and the findings of Biehle et al, who demonstrated an ϳ1-log 10 -dilution-lower inoculum size when using the recommended 0.5 MacFarland suspension (2). Major taxonomic revisions have occurred within the last 10 years, further complicating the comparison of studies (7,11,12,21). With potentially important clinical and epidemiological differences between species, it is important to identify isolates to the species level as accurately and rapidly as possible.…”

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confidence: 53%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Profiling of Nocardia Species and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes from South Africa: Comparative Evaluation of Broth Microdilution versus the Etest

Lowman

Aithma

2010

J Clin Microbiol

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Nocardiosis is an underrecognized clinical entity in South Africa, for which interspecies epidemiological and clinical differences are poorly understood. The taxonomical state of flux and the lack of a simple antimicrobial susceptibility testing method are partly responsible. Definitive identification is molecularly based, which further complicates the study of this ubiquitous organism, as this methodology is beyond the scope of most routine diagnostic laboratories. The Etest methodology has been proposed as an alternative to the reference broth microdilution method, although there have been a limited number of comparative studies. We profiled 51 clinical isolates of aerobic actinomycetes, including 39 Nocardia species, using sequence-based (16S rRNA) identification. Broth microdilution and Etests were done concurrently on all isolates. The overall level of categorical and essential agreement for broth microdilution and Etest for the Nocardia isolates ranged from 67.5 to 100% and 46.2 to 81.6%, respectively. Very major errors were seen with amikacin, amoxicillinclavulanate, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and imipenem. For Nocardia species, uniform susceptibility to co-trimoxazole, amikacin, and linezolid was demonstrated, with a 48.8% susceptibility rate to imipenem. Nocardia farcinica (20.5%) and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (15.4%) were the most commonly identified species among the 82% of isolates identified to species level using 16S rRNA sequences. Furthermore, drug susceptibility patterns demonstrated limited concordance with species identification. Our results suggest that, in a routine diagnostic setting, the Etest is not an acceptable alternative to the reference method of broth microdilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Given the diversity and limited understanding of this group of organisms, further widespread evaluation of clinical isolates, from both clinical and diagnostic perspectives, is warranted.

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confidence: 53%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Profiling of Nocardia Species and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes from South Africa: Comparative Evaluation of Broth Microdilution versus the Etest

Lowman

Aithma

2010

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Since that time, several of the new species are represented by only one strain or a few strains, so their occurrence in humans still has to be assessed (6,8,11,12,17,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not all of them have been found in humans, and Nocardia asteroides, previously most frequently isolated from clinical specimens, has proved to be heterogeneous and has been divided into several species (18). More recently, additional species of human origin have been described (6,8,9,11,12,17,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of Nocardia Species in Clinical Samples and Their Routine Rapid Identification in the Laboratory

Wauters¹,

Avesani²,

Charlier³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

100

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Eighty-six. A gallery of nine conventional and enzymatic tests was developed for the rapid identification of the most common species isolated during this survey. Pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase, ␥-glutamyl aminopeptidase, ␣-mannosidase, and ␣-glucosidase were found to be highly discriminating and could be used to develop an identification scheme.Nocardia species are isolated with an increased frequency from clinical specimens, especially in specimens from immunocompromised patients (19). The taxonomy of the genus has dramatically been revised during the last decade, and at least 30 valid species have been reported, besides a number of unnamed genomospecies (18). Not all of them have been found in humans, and Nocardia asteroides, previously most frequently isolated from clinical specimens, has proved to be heterogeneous and has been divided into several species (18). More recently, additional species of human origin have been described (6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 28).The routine identification of Nocardia strains at the species level is difficult in the laboratory. This, and the nomenclature changes, may explain that species distribution in clinical isolates has been poorly documented up to now, and even recent surveys still report the "N. asteroides complex" as the most frequent Nocardia species isolated in humans (7,10,16,19). Identification studies have not been systematically carried out since the several recent taxonomic changes.The aim of this study was to assess the species distribution of a large number of Nocardia isolates and to propose simple and rapid identification tests that may be helpful to identify the species most commonly encountered in clinical material. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. Eighty-six Nocardia strains isolated from clinical specimens in Belgium were collected for the study. Most strains were isolated during the past decade, but a few were received before 1990. They were isolated by several laboratories in different parts of the country. All the Nocardia isolates were included in the study to avoid any bias in the selection of the strains. Only one strain per patient was considered. The clinical origins of the isolates were as follows: 36 strains were isolated from the respiratory tract, 18 from pyogenic lesions and wounds, 8 from blood, 4 from brain abscesses, and 1 from cerebral fluid. Nineteen were of unknown origin.The type strains of the most relevant species were included for phenotypic comparison as well as reference strains of some less common species. Nocardia species and strains are listed in Table 1.Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences (Ϯ1,400 nucleotides) of all strains were determined as described previously (24), and sequences were compared to those of the type strains deposited in the GenBank database.Cellular fatty acids were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography as outlined elsewhere (22).Phenotypic characterization. Strains were cultured on tryptic soy blood agar plates at 35°C. They were examined for partial acid-fastness, presenc...

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“…In 1995, Steingrube et al described an RFLP method for identification of 12 species and taxa of Nocardia, including N. nova, based on a prior study by Lungu and colleagues (131) and using mycobacterial primers developed by Telenti et al (181,186 98.0% similarity to the N. nova type strain, suggesting that some isolates considered to belong to N. nova by hsp65 PRA and antibiotic susceptibility may actually belong to other, unrecognized species (43).…”

Section: Nocardia Novamentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Laboratory Features of theNocardiaspp. Based on Current Molecular Taxonomy

et al. 2006

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SUMMARY The recent explosion of newly described species of Nocardia results from the impact in the last decade of newer molecular technology, including PCR restriction enzyme analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing. These molecular techniques have revolutionized the identification of the nocardiae by providing rapid and accurate identification of recognized nocardiae and, at the same time, revealing new species and a number of yet-to-be-described species. There are currently more than 30 species of nocardiae of human clinical significance, with the majority of isolates being N. nova complex, N. abscessus, N. transvalensis complex, N. farcinica, N. asteroides type VI (N. cyriacigeorgica), and N. brasiliensis. These species cause a wide variety of diseases and have variable drug susceptibilities. Accurate identification often requires referral to a reference laboratory with molecular capabilities, as many newer species are genetically distinct from established species yet have few or no distinguishing phenotypic characteristics. Correct identification is important in deciding the clinical relevance of a species and in the clinical management and treatment of patients with nocardial disease. This review characterizes the currently known pathogenic species of Nocardia, including clinical disease, drug susceptibility, and methods of identification.

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Nocardia araoensis sp. nov. and Nocardia pneumoniae sp. nov., isolated from patients in Japan

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Profiling of Nocardia Species and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes from South Africa: Comparative Evaluation of Broth Microdilution versus the Etest

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Profiling of Nocardia Species and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes from South Africa: Comparative Evaluation of Broth Microdilution versus the Etest

Distribution of Nocardia Species in Clinical Samples and Their Routine Rapid Identification in the Laboratory

Clinical and Laboratory Features of theNocardiaspp. Based on Current Molecular Taxonomy

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