Nocturnal Activity and Movement of Black Cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Response to Cultural Manipulations on Golf Course Putting Greens

Williamson, C.; Potier, Daniel A.

doi:10.1093/jee/90.5.1283

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Notably, the activity schedules of many of these insect species coincide with the nocturnal foraging behavior of bats [ 48 ]. For example, the families Noctuidae, Crambidae, Scarabaeidae, and Curculionidae mainly have nocturnal foraging habits [ 49 , 50 ]. The insectivorous bats adjust their nightly activities to match the availability of their prey, maximizing foraging success and energy gains [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going out for dinner—The consumption of agriculture pests by bats in urban areas

et al. 2021

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Insectivorous bats provide ecosystem services in agricultural and urban landscapes by consuming arthropods that are considered pests. Bat species inhabiting cities are expected to consume insects associated with urban areas, such as mosquitoes, flying termites, moths, and beetles. We captured insectivorous bats in the Federal District of Brazil and used fecal DNA metabarcoding to investigate the arthropod consumed by five bat species living in colonies in city buildings, and ascertained whether their predation was related to ecosystem services. These insectivorous bat species were found to consume 83 morphospecies of arthropods and among these 41 were identified to species, most of which were agricultural pests. We propose that bats may roost in the city areas and forage in the nearby agricultural fields using their ability to fly over long distances. We also calculated the value of the pest suppression ecosystem service by the bats. By a conservative estimation, bats save US$ 94 per hectare of cornfields, accounting for an annual savings of US$ 390.6 million per harvest in Brazil. Our study confirms that, regardless of their roosting location, bats are essential for providing ecosystem services in the cities, with extensive impacts on crops and elsewhere, in addition to significant savings in the use of pesticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going out for dinner—The consumption of agriculture pests by bats in urban areas

et al. 2021

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“…Additionally, confining the larvae to experimental arenas where contact is assured may have confounded our results. Williamson & Potter (1997b) found that A. ipsilon larvae can move considerable distances at night. Therefore, results in the field with no larval confinement could result in more drastic differences between A. ipsilon larvae fed on endophytic vs. endophytefree grasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophyte infection in perennial ryegrass reduces the susceptibility of black cutworm to an entomopathogenic nematode

Kunkel

Grewal

2003

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne , forms a symbiotic relationship with Neotyphodium lolii , a fungus that produces alkaloids. This relationship provides a competitive advantage to the host plant in grassland communities by increasing drought tolerance, and disease and herbivore resistance. Black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon , is among the few insect species that are able to feed and develop on endophytic perennial ryegrass. Some insects can use plant secondary compounds to defend themselves against predators, therefore we hypothesized that the cutworms fed on endophytic grasses would exhibit greater defense against a lethal endoparasitic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae . Laboratory experiments involving 4 -5th instars support the hypothesis that A . ipsilon feeding on grass clippings from field plots with high (> 90%) incidence of endophyte infected perennial ryegrass are less susceptible to entomopathogenic nematodes than larvae fed grass clippings from plants with little or no incidence of endophyte. Laboratory studies resulted in similar overall mortality after 48 h. Field studies, however, show decreased susceptibility to S . carpocapsae when larvae were confined to areas of endophytic grass (> 75% infected). Early instars (2-3rd) fed on endophyte free grass suffered greater overall mortality at all nematode concentrations than 4 -5th instars fed similarly. Early (2-3rd) instars were equally susceptible to nematode attack regardless of food source. Our results indicate that the fungal endosymbionts of grasses can influence the biology of natural enemies of an herbivorous insect.

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“…Copidosoma bakeri (Howard) is a minute (~1 mm) wasp that parasitizes at least 19 noctuid moth species (Schaaf ). The host species of C. bakeri we used in this study is the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major pest in turf and crop fields throughout much of the world (Forbes ; Crumb ; Harris, Mazurek & White ; Busching & Turpin ; Williamson & Potter ,b). A. ipsilon larvae are found in Kentucky from April to October.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The size‐number trade‐off in clonal broods of a parasitic wasp: responses to the amount and timing of resource availability

Saeki

Crowley

2012

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Life-history traits that shift in response to environmental conditions are well studied; however, allocation patterns of traits in the context of a trade-off shifting with the environment are hardly examined. 2. Using a polyembryonic parasitoid wasp system, we revealed features of the plasticity in allocation by observing the trade-off outcome between individual body mass and the number of offspring in a wasp brood in response to different host conditions. 3. We manipulated food availability to the host caterpillar at two different phases of development: early host instars during wasp embryo division and late host instars after completion of wasp embryo division. The food manipulation allowed us to shift the rate of development and the total mass of the wasp brood both separately and together through altered host development time and final size. 4. With greater host mass, the trade-off relationship between wasp body mass and brood size shifted, to the same extent for both sexes, towards higher wasp brood size and individual body mass. On the other hand, with faster host development, the trait combinations shifted towards greater wasp body mass but smaller brood size along the same trade-off relationship. 5. These shifts indicate a reduction of wasp brood size when resource level is reduced late in host development. This adjustment yields wasp brood size and body mass in rough proportion to each other and positively related to resource availability late in development. 6. Our demonstration of simultaneous shifts in traits under the trade-off relationship indicates that wasp broods respond differently to the different environmental conditions by altering body mass and the number of wasp individuals, suggesting that the plastic response in the trade-off allocation pattern may be adaptive.

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Nocturnal Activity and Movement of Black Cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Response to Cultural Manipulations on Golf Course Putting Greens

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Going out for dinner—The consumption of agriculture pests by bats in urban areas

Going out for dinner—The consumption of agriculture pests by bats in urban areas

Endophyte infection in perennial ryegrass reduces the susceptibility of black cutworm to an entomopathogenic nematode

The size‐number trade‐off in clonal broods of a parasitic wasp: responses to the amount and timing of resource availability

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