Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>): Evidence for flexible sleeping patterns and insights into human evolution

Tagg, Nikki; McCarthy, Maureen S.; Dieguez, Paula; Bocksberger, Gaëlle; Willie, Jacob; Mundry, Roger; Stewart, Fiona; Arandjelovic, Mimi; Widness, Jane; Landsmann, Anja; Angedakin, Samuel; Ayimisin, Ayuk Emmanuel; Bessone, Mattia; Brazzola, Gregory; Corogenes, Katherine; Deschner, Tobias; Dilambaka, Emmanuel; Eno‐Nku, Manasseh; Eshuis, Henk; Goedmakers, Annemarie; Granjon, Anne‐Céline; Head, Josephine; Hermans, Veerle; Jones, Sorrel; Kadam, Parag; Kambi, Mohamed; Langergraber, Kevin E.; Lapeyre, Vincent; Lapuente, Juan; Lee, Kevin; Leinert, Vera; Maretti, Giovanna; Marrocoli, Sergio; Meier, Amelia; Nicholl, Sonia; Normand, Emmanuelle; Ormsby, Lucy Jayne; Piel, Alex K.; Robinson, Orume; Sommer, Volker; Heegde, Martijn Ter; Tickle, Alexander; Ton, Els; Schijndel, Joost van; Vanleeuwe, Hilde; Vergnes, Virginie; Wessling, Erin G.; Wittig, Roman M.; Zuberbuehler, Klaus; Kuehl, Hjalmar; Boesch, Christophe

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23478

Cited by 32 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…While it can be argued that this violates statistical rules of independence (as can any behavioral sequence involving individuals or groups within a population), we believe that this is used appropriately here because each night was separated by 12 hr of daylight and within that time, each of our four baboon groups had access to multiple sleeping sites, and could move in any of many potential directions relative to where they slept the night before, that is, where they slept each night was likely determined at least as much or more by where they moved in the preceding 12 hr than where they slept the night before (e.g., Markham et al, ; Pebsworth, Macintosh, Morgan, & Huffman, ; Shreier and Grove, ). Nights or group‐nights are also common units of analysis in other studies of nocturnal behavior in diurnal primates (e.g., Markham et al, ; Pruetz, ; Tagg et al, ). We used sleeping site visits as the unit of analysis for leopards.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sleeping sites in the predator‐prey dynamics of leopards and olive baboons

Bidner

Matsumoto‐Oda

Isbell³

2018

American J Primatol

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Predation is widely recognized as an important selective pressure on prey animals such as baboons (Papio spp.), which face high leopard (Panthera pardus) predation risk, particularly at night. Baboons regularly sleep on cliff faces and in trees at night, ostensibly to avoid such predators. Despite retreating to such "refuges," baboons are most often killed by leopards at or near their sleeping sites. Because of the challenges of studying nocturnal behavior and human-averse predators, few systematic data exist to reveal how leopard ranging near baboon sleeping sites influences baboons' selection of sites and behavior at those sites. To investigate leopard-baboon dynamics at sleeping sites we deployed GPS/VHF radio collars on six representatives of four baboon groups and four leopards during a 14-month field study in Kenya. We used locations recorded every 15 min to identify baboons' cliffside and riverine sleeping sites, the frequency and duration of leopard visits to these sites, and baboons' adjustments in site use after leopard visits. Collared leopards visited riverine sites more frequently than cliffside sites, whereas most baboon groups strongly preferred cliffside sites, suggesting that leopard visits were often due to factors other than baboon presence, and that baboons used cliffside sites to reduce their risk of leopard predation. Regardless of type, collared leopards remained near baboon-occupied sleeping sites longer than vacant ones, indicating interest in hunting baboons then. Baboons at riverine sites departed later on mornings after leopard visits. Baboon groups occasionally shared sleeping sites simultaneously, possibly reducing risk through dilution. However, they did not reduce risk by frequently changing sleeping sites, minimizing detection at sleeping sites, or after leopard visits, arriving earlier the next evening or moving to a different site. Future research should explore if baboons readily detect nocturnal leopard presence and if predation-related changes in sleeping site use have cascading ecological effects. K E Y W O R D Santipredator behavior, felids, predation risk, primates, sleeping sites

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sleeping sites in the predator‐prey dynamics of leopards and olive baboons

Bidner

Matsumoto‐Oda

Isbell³

2018

American J Primatol

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“…Camera-trap events were defined as consecutive video clips from the same camera that were triggered within 15 min of each other, where individuals within an event can be counted and identified, similar to previous studies [42,43]. This interval has been validated to best reflect true party size estimates in chimpanzees therefore providing a reliable estimate of grouping patterns of wild apes [44].…”

Section: Coding Of Camera-trap Videosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novelty Response of Wild African Apes to Camera Traps

et al. 2019

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Graphical Abstract Highlights d Bonobos and gorillas had stronger looking impulses compared to chimpanzees d Young apes looked longest at camera traps compared to mature individuals d Presence of a research site or conspecifics reduced the duration of looking d Both social and environmental factors affect great ape curiosity in the wild In Brief Kalan et al. use a large-scale field experiment to assess the reaction of wild great apes toward a novel object: camera trap devices. Bonobos show the strongest looking impulse and are more neophobic than either gorillas or chimpanzees. Additional social and environmental effects on reactions demonstrate the complexities of animal curiosity.

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“…Meanwhile, Tagg et al. () used trap‐camera footage to examine terrestrial nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees—behavior that had not been systematically documented previously, owing to the logistical difficulties. Combining camera footage with ecological survey data, they concluded that nighttime terrestrial activity was widespread and flexible—occurring at all hours of the night—but infrequent, consistent with consolidated sleeping patterns.…”

Section: Integrative Methods and New Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Anthropology in 2018: Grounded in Theory, Questioning Contexts, Embracing Innovation

Martin

2019

American Anthropologist

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Biological anthropology in 2018 encapsulated what past scholars envisioned for its future: a multidisciplinary approach to understanding human and nonhuman primate evolution and diversity using the most innovative techniques and rigorous standards available. This year also built on a tradition of introspection about what biological anthropology encompasses and by whom and how it is conducted. This review highlights research and movements in the field that reflect both of these pursuits. Studies drew on evolutionary theory to generate novel insights into human and nonhuman primate biology, behavior, and organization. Studies on hominin evolution and human biology have upended previous understandings by revealing more dynamic and context-dependent processes in our ancestry and phenotypic expressions. Across subdisciplines, biological anthropologists have advanced the use of new technologies and analytical techniques and begun to promote open, transparent, and reproducible science among a more diverse community of researchers. [year in review, evolutionary anthropology, context and variation, emerging technologies, transparent methods, researcher diversity] RESUMEN La biología antropológica en 2018 encapsuló lo que investigadores anteriores imaginaron para su futuro:una aproximación multidisciplinaria para entender la evolución de primates humanos y no humanos y diversidad utilizando las técnicas más innovadoras y los estándares rigurosos disponibles. Este año también desarrolló sobre una tradición de introspección acerca de lo que la antropología biológica abarca y por quién y cómo es llevada a cabo. Esta revisión resalta la investigación y los movimientos en el campo que reflejan estas búsquedas. Los estudios se basaron en la teoría evolucionaria para generar nuevos conocimientos en la biología de primates humanos y no humanos, comportamiento y organización. Los estudios sobre la evolución de los homíninos y la biología humana han cambiado drásticamente entendimientos previos al revelar procesos más dinámicos y dependientes del contexto en nuestra ascendencia y expresiones fenotípicas. A través de las subdisciplinas, los antropólogos biológicos han avanzado el uso de nuevas tecnologías y técnicas analíticas y empezado a promover una ciencia abierta, transparente y reproducible entre una comunidad más diversa de investigadores. [año en revisión, antropología evolucionaria, contexto y variación, tecnologías emergentes, métodos transparentes, diversidad de investigadores] T he history of biological anthropology has been underscored by attempts to properly situate the field in relation to other natural sciences and the discipline of anthropology as a whole (e.g., Calcagno

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Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for flexible sleeping patterns and insights into human evolution

Cited by 32 publications

References 93 publications

The role of sleeping sites in the predator‐prey dynamics of leopards and olive baboons

The role of sleeping sites in the predator‐prey dynamics of leopards and olive baboons

Novelty Response of Wild African Apes to Camera Traps

Biological Anthropology in 2018: Grounded in Theory, Questioning Contexts, Embracing Innovation

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