Nocturnal gibberellin biosynthesis is carbon dependent and adjusts leaf expansion rates to variable conditions

Prasetyaningrum, Putri; Mariotti, Lorenzo; Valeri, Maria Cristina; Novi, Giacomo; Dhondt, Stijn; Inzé, Dirk; Perata, Pierdomenico; Veen, Hans van

doi:10.1093/plphys/kiaa019

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…One mechanism that aids such a safety lock is the sugar-mediated repression of miR156 [26,27]. Another is the sugar-dependent regulation of GA biosynthesis [119], which also stimulates phase transitions to adulthood and reproduction [49].…”

Section: Morphological Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Abiotic Stress Resilience in Plants

Rankenberg

Geldhof

Veen

et al. 2021

Trends in Plant Science

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Developmental age is a strong determinant of stress responses in plants. Differential susceptibility to various environmental stresses is widely observed at both the organ and whole-plant level. While it is clear that age determines stress susceptibility, the causes, regulatory mechanisms, and functions are only now beginning to emerge. Compared with concepts on age-related biotic stress resilience, advancements in the abiotic stress field are relatively limited. In this review, we focus on current knowledge of ontogenic resistance to abiotic stresses, highlighting examples at the organ (leaf) and plant level, preceded by an overview of the relevant concepts in plant aging. We also discuss age-related abiotic stress resilience mechanisms, speculate on their functional relevance, and outline outstanding questions. The Concept of AgingThe definitions of plant aging (see Glossary) are diverse. One might think of aging to comprehend the entire plant life cycle: from seed to senescence. However, this cycle is different for annuals and perennials. Annuals and biennials are semelparous (monocarpic) species that undergo their complete life cycle in one or two growing seasons, respectively. Perennials are iteroparous (polycarpic) species that live for many years with a clear disjunction between plant and organ lifespan. In this review, we mainly focus on age-related aspects of annuals, but some concepts are equivalent to specific organs of perennials that undergo repeated yearly cycles. HighlightsThe processes of aging, such as leaf development, senescence, and phase transitions from juvenile to adult plants, are genetically programmed and highly controlled by complex regulatory pathways.During aging, plants alter their organ morphology, sink-source balances, and chemical composition, including changes in redox status and hormone levels, which will collectively determine how abiotic stress signals are perceived and processed.

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Section: Morphological Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Abiotic Stress Resilience in Plants

Rankenberg

Geldhof

Veen

et al. 2021

Trends in Plant Science

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“…Seeds were germinated on ½ MS control media, transferred after one day to either control or GA-containing ½ MS media (Supplemental Figure 1A), and transferred after four days to new plates (van Gelderen et al, 2018). We used the GA4 form of Gibberellic acid, since it is a more prevalent bioactive form in Arabidopsis than the often used GA3 (Prasetyaningrum et al, 2020), with a good affinity to the gibberellin sensor GID1 (Yoshida et al, 2018). However, we compared its effect against that of GA3, which confirmed that GA4 is a more potent gibberellin than GA3 (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellin transport affects (lateral) root growth through HY5 during Far-Red light enrichment.

Gelderen

Velde

Kang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Plants compete for light by growing taller than their nearest competitors. This is part of the shade avoidance syndrome and is a response to an increase of Far-Red light (FR) reflected from neighboring leaves. The root responds to this shoot-sensed FR cue by reducing lateral root emergence. It is well-established that the plant hormone Gibberellic Acid (GA) is involved in supplemental FR-induced shoot elongation. Although GA is also transported from shoot to root, its role in regulating lateral root growth is unclear. We show via GA manipulations, both chemical and genetic, that GA modulates the lateral root reduction induced by shoot-sensed FR enrichment. Using the FRET-based GA biosensor GPS1, we observed detailed GA changes in the root upon shoot exposure to FR enrichment and when GA was supplied to the shoot. Supplying GA to the shoot also mitigated the FR-enrichment root phenotype, indicating a functional link between GA and changes in root development in response to shoot-sensed FR. The regulatory role of GA in root growth appears to be partially dependent upon the role of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a light-responsive transcription factor that regulates root growth. Shoot-to-root transported GA4 led to an increase in HY5 protein levels in the lateral root primordia. HY5 then repressed auxin signaling to repress lateral root growth. Our data unveil a novel way in which hormone and light signaling coordinate development across spatial scales by adjusting (lateral) root growth from above-ground FR light signals.

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“…A longer photoperiod enhances GA biosynthesis, resulting in a higher expression of the key GA synthesis genes GA20ox and GA3ox , consequently inducing active GAs in Arabidopsis [ 62 ]. In contrast, a lower light availability reduced the expression of GA20ox and GA3ox , resulting in reduced leaf expansion [ 63 , 64 ] and demonstrating that GA20ox and GA3ox are dependent on the intensity and quality of light in Rosa sp. [ 37 ].…”

Section: Gas Regulate Leaf Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Gibberellins in Regulating Leaf Development

Ritonga

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2023

Plants

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Plant growth and development are correlated with many aspects, including phytohormones, which have specific functions. However, the mechanism underlying the process has not been well elucidated. Gibberellins (GAs) play fundamental roles in almost every aspect of plant growth and development, including cell elongation, leaf expansion, leaf senescence, seed germination, and leafy head formation. The central genes involved in GA biosynthesis include GA20 oxidase genes (GA20oxs), GA3oxs, and GA2oxs, which correlate with bioactive GAs. The GA content and GA biosynthesis genes are affected by light, carbon availability, stresses, phytohormone crosstalk, and transcription factors (TFs) as well. However, GA is the main hormone associated with BR, ABA, SA, JA, cytokinin, and auxin, regulating a wide range of growth and developmental processes. DELLA proteins act as plant growth suppressors by inhibiting the elongation and proliferation of cells. GAs induce DELLA repressor protein degradation during the GA biosynthesis process to control several critical developmental processes by interacting with F-box, PIFS, ROS, SCLl3, and other proteins. Bioactive GA levels are inversely related to DELLA proteins, and a lack of DELLA function consequently activates GA responses. In this review, we summarized the diverse roles of GAs in plant development stages, with a focus on GA biosynthesis and signal transduction, to develop new insight and an understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant development.

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Nocturnal gibberellin biosynthesis is carbon dependent and adjusts leaf expansion rates to variable conditions

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Age-Dependent Abiotic Stress Resilience in Plants

Age-Dependent Abiotic Stress Resilience in Plants

Gibberellin transport affects (lateral) root growth through HY5 during Far-Red light enrichment.

The Roles of Gibberellins in Regulating Leaf Development

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