NOD2 Genotypes Affect the Symptoms and Mortality in the Porcine Circovirus 2-Spreading Pig Population

Suzuki, Kota; Shinkai, Hiroki; Yoshioka, Gou; Matsumoto, Toshimi; Tanaka, Junji; Hayashi, Niichi; Kitazawa, Haruki; Uenishi, Hirohide

doi:10.3390/genes12091424

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The use of this knowledge to develop animals more resilient to environmental stressors or more resistant to pathogens may contribute to the aim of reducing AMU in intensive pig production. For example, some promising studies have identified genotypes resistant to diseases such as circovirus [ 147 ] and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae [ 148 , 149 ]. As noted in the discussion above, many stressors that affect pigs’ wellbeing and health are exacerbated in large litters, such as increased duration of farrowing, low birthweight piglets, and a lack of teats for all piglets.…”

Section: Improving Housing Environment and Management Practices To Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Animal Welfare and Antibiotic Use in Pig Farming—A Review

Albernaz-Gonçalves

Antillón

Hötzel

2022

Animals

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Preventative measures, such as biosecurity and vaccinations, are essential but not sufficient to ensure high standards of health in pig production systems. Restrictive, barren housing and many widely used management practices that cause pain and stress predispose high-performance pigs reared in intensive systems to disease. In this context, antibiotics are used as part of the infrastructure that sustains health and high levels of production in pig farms. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global emergency affecting human and animal health, and the use of antibiotics (AMU) in intensive livestock farming is considered an important risk factor for the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria from animals to humans. Tackling the issue of AMR demands profound changes in AMU, e.g., reducing their use for prophylaxis and ending it for growth promotion. In support of such recommendations, we revise the link between animal welfare and AMU and argue that it is crucial to sustainably reduce AMU while ensuring that pigs can live happy lives. In support of such recommendations, we aimed to revise the link between animal welfare and AMU in pigs by analysing stress factors related to housing and management and their impact on pig welfare. In particular, we reviewed critical management practices that increase stress and, therefore, pigs’ susceptibility to disease and reduce the quality of life of pigs. We also reviewed some alternatives that can be adopted in pig farms to improve animal welfare and that go beyond the reduction in stress. By minimising environmental and management stressors, pigs can become more immunocompetent and prepared to overcome pathogenic challenges. This outcome can contribute to reducing AMU and the risk of AMR while simultaneously improving the quality of life of pigs and, ultimately, maintaining the pig industry’s social license.

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Section: Improving Housing Environment and Management Practices To Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Animal Welfare and Antibiotic Use in Pig Farming—A Review

Albernaz-Gonçalves

Antillón

Hötzel

2022

Animals

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“…Here, we examined PRR SNP responses specifically to Mhp and App. However, these PRRs may also respond to other bacteria or to viruses, protecting against secondary infection, as suggested for PCV2 [ 14 ]. Further investigation is required to identify combinations of immune-gene DNA markers that are effective against infectious diseases in swine, including viral infections, to accelerate pig breeding and improve disease resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genotyping of five SNPs in four PRR genes ( NOD1 , NOD2 , NLRP3 , and TLR5 ) was conducted using PCR sequencing. PCR and amplicon sequencing was performed as previously described [ 14 ] using the listed primers ( Table 2 ). PCR was conducted using AmpliTaq Gold DNA polymerase (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Palo Alto, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously examined the relationship between the genotypes of NOD2 at the 2197A/C locus, which is related to molecular function in pigs [ 13 ]. Pigs homozygous for NOD -2197C, which augments the response to the ligand, show significantly less mortality due to porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) [ 14 ]. Another intracellular PRR, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), comprising the NLRP3 inflammasome, which contains apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and pro-caspase-1 (CASP1), has a polymorphic site (2906A/G) that is related to mature interleukin-1β production [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymorphisms in Pattern Recognition Receptor Genes Are Associated with Respiratory Disease Severity in Pig Farms

Suzuki

Shinkai

Yoshioka

et al. 2022

Animals

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Reduced productivity caused by infections, particularly respiratory diseases, is a serious problem in pig farming. We have previously reported polymorphisms in porcine pattern recognition receptor genes affecting molecular functions and demonstrated that the 2197A/C polymorphism in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) gene influences porcine circovirus 2-induced mortality. Here, we investigated how these polymorphisms affect respiratory disease-induced lesions, using samples from a slaughterhouse dealing with pigs from two farms. Lung lesions were evaluated using two scoring systems, Goodwin (GW) and slaughterhouse pleuritis evaluation system (SPES), to determine the influence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), respectively. SPES scores were significantly higher when the 1205T allele of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5-1205T), rather than TLR5-1205C, was present. On the farm with more severe Mhp invasion, lower GW lesion scores were significantly associated with the presence of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-2906G allele; where App invasion was worse, lower SPES scores were significantly associated with the presence of the NOD2-2197C allele. Combinations of polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptor genes can therefore be utilized for breeding for resistance against respiratory diseases in pigs. DNA markers of these polymorphisms can thus be used to improve productivity by reducing respiratory diseases due to bacterial pathogens in pig livestock.

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“…According to the analyzed scientific sources, world scientists, we concluded that the productivity of pigs is determined by the genotype inherited from the parents. It was analyzed, according to world literary sources, that pigs with the desired genotype under certain conditions are characterized by unexpectedly worse productivity compared to parents carriers of genotypes with lower or higher productivity [3,7,10,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the AspP298Asn polymorphism in the MC4R gene with fattening productivity of immunologically castrated and uncastrated gilts

Pocherniaieva,

Pochernyayev,

Bankovska

2023

Bìol. Tvarin

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The study was aimed at establishing the presence of MC4R (c.1426 A>G) gene polymorphism among the population of immunologically castrated and native gilts (Large White × Landrace) × Maxgro. Asp298Asn polymorphism affects the economic rate of growth and fattening productivity of commercial lines of pigs. Since the polymorphism of the MC4R gene correlates with the concentration of androstenone, skatole, and indole, the possible use of polymorphism as a molecular DNA marker MC4R for genetic selection in order to reduce the level of boar odor in gilts meat and fat. This will establish which alleles and genotypes in general will be determined as desirable in the marker dilution of hybrid pigs. With this in mind, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the MC4R genotype on fattening performance indicators and correlation with boar odor in hybrid gilts based on population-genetic variability. Genomic DNA was isolated from the ear hair follicle of native gilts (n=42) and epithelial tissue from the ear of immunologically castrated ones (n=52). Genotyping was performed using polymorphism of the lengths of restrictive fragments (RFLP). Genetic-correlation parameters for native and immunologically castrated gilts were evaluated by ADG/AGE30 and ADG/AGE100. However, the polymorphism of the c.1426 A>G gene did not significantly affect the ADG/AGE100 performance of hybrid gilts. The predominance of the frequency of allele A (0.55) is established above the frequency of the allele G (0.45). Analysis of the frequency distribution of genotypes showed the saturation of micropopulation with heterozygotes AG (0.51) with a small proportion of GG carriers (0.19). Immunologically castrated and uncastrated gilts with an MC4RA allele are characterized by a sufficiently high ADG/AGE100 and are probably characterized by a high level of boar-specific odor compared to gilts with lower ADG/AGE100 with an MC4RG allele. According to the data obtained, the desired genotype for an equilibrium of the concentration of boar odor without compromising physiological development, growth rate, and productivity formation is heterozygous offspring with the MC4RAG genotype.

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NOD2 Genotypes Affect the Symptoms and Mortality in the Porcine Circovirus 2-Spreading Pig Population

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Linking Animal Welfare and Antibiotic Use in Pig Farming—A Review

Linking Animal Welfare and Antibiotic Use in Pig Farming—A Review

Polymorphisms in Pattern Recognition Receptor Genes Are Associated with Respiratory Disease Severity in Pig Farms

Association of the AspP298Asn polymorphism in the MC4R gene with fattening productivity of immunologically castrated and uncastrated gilts

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