Nodal compact $Q$-ball/$Q$-shell in the $\mathbb{C}P^N$ nonlinear sigma model

Abstract

Nodal, excited compactons in the CP N models with V-shaped potentials are analyzed.It is shown that the solutions exist as compact Q-balls and Q-shells. The solutions have a discontinuity in the second derivative associated with the character of the potential, however, their energy and charge densities are both continuous. The excited Q-balls and Q-shells are analyzed as electrically neutral and electrically charged objects.

Charge-swapping Q-balls in a logarithmic potential and Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation

“…Afterwards, the quasi-stable CSQ suddenly decays into an oscillon [30,31], during which stage the remaining small charges decay exponentially and the resulting configuration mostly oscillates along one direction in the U(1) field space. See [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] for other forms of excited Q-balls and Q-ball-like configurations.…”