Nodular herpes simplex virus-1-positive oral lesions as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Briggs, Aparna; Kinghorn, G R

doi:10.1258/ijsa.2010.010002

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Theoretically, any pathogen that can cause an opportunistic infection could appear in immune‐reconstituted patients, so it would be expected that oral diseases in HIV‐infected patients could be associated with IRIS (Tsang and Samaranayake, ). As shown in Table , regrettably, there are scarce studies on the oral manifestations of IRIS, mainly case reports and retrospective studies (Jevtović et al , ; Leidner and Aboulafia, ; Corti et al , ; Feller et al , ; Gaitán‐Cepeda et al , ; Ortega et al , ; Papagatsia et al , ; Briggs and Kinghorn, ). A weakness of the three aforementioned retrospective studies is that none include a strict IRIS definition, nor do they state a precise time of the onset of the lesions in relation to the initiation of HAART (Jevtović et al , ; Gaitán‐Cepeda et al , ; Ortega et al , ).…”

Section: Are Oral Manifestations Of Hiv Still Relevant After the Intrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, few studies have included immunological and/or virological criteria, a limited number registered the temporal association between HAART initiation and IRIS signs/symptoms (Leidner and Aboulafia, ; Feller et al , ; Papagatsia et al , ; Ramírez‐Amador et al , ; Briggs and Kinghorn, ; Ablanedo‐Terrazas et al , ), and only a half of them followed the established IRIS criteria (Leidner and Aboulafia, ; Papagatsia et al , ; Ramírez‐Amador et al , ; Briggs and Kinghorn, ; Ablanedo‐Terrazas et al , ).…”

Section: Are Oral Manifestations Of Hiv Still Relevant After the Intrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequent oral manifestation reported as part of IRIS has been oral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (Leidner and Aboulafia, ; Feller et al , ; Papagatsia et al , ; Ramírez‐Amador et al , ; Ablanedo‐Terrazas et al , ), followed by OC (Jevtović et al , ; Gaitán‐Cepeda et al , ; Ramírez‐Amador et al , ), oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) (Gaitán‐Cepeda et al , ; Ramírez‐Amador et al , ), herpes simplex infection (HS) (Briggs and Kinghorn, ), oral ulcers (Ramírez‐Amador et al , ), non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (Corti et al , ), and parotid gland enlargement (Ortega et al , ) (Table ). It has been suggested that HPV‐OL could be a form of IRIS (Patton et al , ; Greenspan et al , ; King et al , ; Flint et al , ).…”

Section: Are Oral Manifestations Of Hiv Still Relevant After the Intrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban legends series: oral manifestations of HIV infection

et al. 2013

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Human immunodeficiency virus-related oral lesions (HIV-OLs), such as oral candidiasis (OC) and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), have been recognized as indicators of immune suppression since the beginning of the global HIV epidemic. The diagnosis and management of HIV disease and spectrum of opportunistic infection has changed over the past 30 years as our understanding of the infection has evolved. We investigated the following controversial topics: (i) Are oral manifestations of HIV still relevant after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)? (ii) Can we nowadays still diagnose HIV infection through oral lesions? (iii) Is the actual classification of oral manifestations of HIV adequate or does it need to be reviewed and updated? (iv) Is there any novelty in the treatment of oral manifestations of HIV infection? Results from extensive literature review suggested the following: (i) While HAART has resulted in significant reductions in HIV-OLs, many are still seen in patients with HIV infection, with OC remaining the most common lesion. While the relationship between oral warts and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is less clear, the malignant potential of oral human papillomavirus infection is gaining increasing attention. (ii) Effective antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV from a fatal illness to a chronic manageable condition and as a result expanded screening policies for HIV are being advocated both in developed and in developing countries. Affordable, reliable, and easy-to-use diagnostic techniques have been recently introduced likely restricting the importance of HIV-OLs in diagnosis. (iii) The 1993 EC-Clearinghouse classification of HIV-OLs is still globally used despite controversy on the relevance of periodontal diseases today. HIV-OL case definitions were updated in 2009 to facilitate the accuracy of HIV-OL diagnoses by non-dental healthcare workers in large-scale epidemiologic studies and clinical trials. (iv) Research over the last 6 years on novel modalities for the treatment of HIV-OLs has been reported for OC and OHL.

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Section: Are Oral Manifestations Of Hiv Still Relevant After the Intrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are Oral Manifestations Of Hiv Still Relevant After the Intrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are Oral Manifestations Of Hiv Still Relevant After the Intrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban legends series: oral manifestations of HIV infection

et al. 2013

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HIVand the Skin

Bunker

Piguet

2016

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been recognized, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) identified as the causative agent, for over 30 years. HIV infection is a significant health problem globally. Earlier diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) prevents death, serious sequelae and onward transmission. Mucocutaneous involvement may allow diagnosis at seroconversion or later in the course of the disease and dermatologists should have a very low threshold for considering the diagnosis and offering HIV testing routinely in many common presenting clinical scenarios. Combined ART has revolutionized treatment, and long‐term survival is the norm. However, there are significant dermatological consequences of HIV treatment including drug reactions/complications and immune reconstitution‐associated disease. Primary skin malignancies are the most frequent non‐AIDS‐defining cancers and oral, anal and genital (e.g. penile) cancers are significantly increased in the HIV‐treated population.

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HIV and the Skin

Bunker,

Piguet

2024

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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Within 2 years of defining acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a distinctive syndrome in 1981, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was identified as the causative agent. Dermatological involvement in AIDS has been appreciated since the disease was first recognised. Mucocutaneous involvement establishes criteria for diagnosis and staging; the prognostic significance of some complications, for example pruritic papular eruption/eosinophilic folliculitis, hairy leukoplakia and Kaposi sarcoma (KS), was well recognised before specific treatments were introduced. The proportion of patients with skin complications and the number of these manifestations in any one patient increase as HIV infection progresses and AIDS develops. The incidence and severity of several common cutaneous diseases (such as mollusca, herpes simplex and seborrhoeic dermatitis) are increased in patients with HIV and this correlates in many instances with the absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells. The effect HIV infection may have on some dermatological conditions such as psoriasis and leprosy is less clear‐cut. The advent of highly active combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been incalculably beneficial to patients with HIV, but novel side effects of these drugs (such as lipodystrophy) have emerged, and the skin can be affected by manifestations of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome/immune reconstitution associated disease. The dermatological complications of HIV and AIDS may be distressing to patients and difficult for dermatologists to diagnose and manage. Also, many dermatoses presenting in the population at large need to be regarded as ‘indicator conditions’ to prompt advice about, and initiation of, HIV testing.

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Nodular herpes simplex virus-1-positive oral lesions as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Abstract: We describe a case of nodular oral herpes simplex virus-1-positive lesions consistent with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient recently commenced on treatment for tuberculosis and HIV co-infection.

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Urban legends series: oral manifestations of HIV infection

Urban legends series: oral manifestations of HIV infection

HIVand the Skin

HIV and the Skin

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