Writing about Japanese noise music, Paul Hegarty claims that it is not a genre, but it is also a genre that is multiple, and characterized by this very multiplicity. . . . Japanese noise music can come in all styles, referring to all other genres. . . but crucially asks the question of genre-what does it mean to be categorized, categorizable, definable? (133, original emphasis)The question that Hegarty asks here is, of course, central to an understanding of how popular music genres are constructed. We are familiar enough with the origins of genre that lie in industrial classification (Negus 1999), where genre labels are produced to aid the production and distribution of cultural artifacts. Both marketeers and critics codify and classify as a post hoc rationalization of a limited and graspable set of characteristics of a cultural practice; such efforts enable coherence, identification, and identity within musical experiences. These practices have been acknowledged as a limiting way of thinking about genres in popular music (Frith Performing Rites; Toynbee), to the extent that they have little to say about the active constitution of a genre by musicians and fans. This has less to do with a search for the origins of a genre, which arguably would most likely lead to little more than a foundation myth, than with the extreme difficulty of identifying the origins of a genre label. The cultural origins of a genre will often lie in unrecorded and informal processes that occur across multiple sites of origin, both geographically and aesthetically. Moreover, any genre will inevitably be formed from other generic practices: "[d]ifferent fractions of a genreculture have different histories, and historical discourses surrounding the music continue to have great power in the present" (Holt 77).A search for origins, therefore, becomes less culturally useful than an exploration of how a genre comes to be constituted and practiced discursively. Hegarty's argument about genre goes further still-he seems C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.