Noise and power optimization of a MMIC quasi-circulator

Gasmi, Ahmed; Huyart, B.; Bergeault, E.; Jallet, L.

doi:10.1109/22.622924

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Each port can also transmit and receive signals at the same time and at different frequencies without the need for filters, making it suitable for both FDMA and TDMA. This work describes a simple active quasi-circulator that gives wideband operation, and differs from previous structures [1]- [3] which were limited to a narrow frequency range. Experimental results shows good return loss and isolation within the expected operating frequency range, making it practical to implement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A conventional ferrite circulator [4] can be replaced by an active quasicirculator [1]- [3] even though it is not quite an ideal active circulator. The quasi-circulator is similar to the conventional except that there is no signal flow from port 3 to port 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quasi-circulator is similar to the conventional except that there is no signal flow from port 3 to port 1. This active quasi-circulator has the same S-parameter matrix as those reported in [1]- [3]. It have numerous advantages as well as disadvantages when compared with conventional ferrite circulators, its main advantages are small size, light weight, and compatibility with monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology.…”

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confidence: 96%

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A new active quasi-circulator with wideband performance

Mung

Chan

2008

2008 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference

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IntroductionIn modern RF/microwave systems, non-reciprocal components such as isolators and circulators [1]- [4] play an important role because it provides isolation between ports in both time and frequency. A conventional ferrite circulator [4] can be replaced by an active quasicirculator [1]-[3] even though it is not quite an ideal active circulator. The quasi-circulator is similar to the conventional except that there is no signal flow from port 3 to port 1. This active quasi-circulator has the same S-parameter matrix as those reported in [1]- [3]. It have numerous advantages as well as disadvantages when compared with conventional ferrite circulators, its main advantages are small size, light weight, and compatibility with monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology. Active quasi-circulators with large bandwidth will have potential applications in the future because it allows signal flow in one direction without interaction between ports. Each port can also transmit and receive signals at the same time and at different frequencies without the need for filters, making it suitable for both FDMA and TDMA. This work describes a simple active quasi-circulator that gives wideband operation, and differs from previous structures [1]-[3] which were limited to a narrow frequency range. Experimental results shows good return loss and isolation within the expected operating frequency range, making it practical to implement. Active Circulator DesignThe circuit diagram of the proposed active quasi-circulator is shown in Fig. 1. It is formed by connecting three single stage distributed amplifiers (DAs) together using a T-network phase shifter. The gate and drain impedances of the transistors are combined with external series inductors to form three artificial transmission lines (ATL1, ATL2 and ATL3). All ATLs were realized using designs based on constant-K filters [5], i.e. o Z C L K = = / where L and C are determined by the external series inductor and the total shunt capacitors respectively. In order to achieve flat wideband gain, the L and C of all ATLs should have identical characteristics. In general, the gate-source capacitance (C gs ) is different from the drain-source capacitance (C ds ); therefore, a series capacitor C s and a parallel C p are added to maintain identical characteristics for all ATLs to achieve unity gain for each single stage DA [6]. The additional phase shifter is formed using a T-network in which the series inductance and shunt capacitance Cǯ are equal to the external inductance L/2 in the ATLs and junction capacitance C respectively. This ensures that the image impedance [5] of this additional Tnetwork matches to that of the ATL3 and maintains the characteristic impedance, Z o required by constant-K filters. This T-network has the same propagation factor as the π-network using the same series inductance L and shunt capacitance C, [5].A block diagram of the proposed active quasi-circulator is shown in Fig. 2 and shows two parallel paths from input port 1 to output port 3. For path 1...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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A new active quasi-circulator with wideband performance

Mung

Chan

2008

2008 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference

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“…The common-source/drain configurations in active quasicirculators have been used to enhance the bandwidth at the cost of high insertion loss and noise figure (NF) [7]. A quasicirculator with high insertion gain has been reported [8], but this quasi-circulator has a narrow operation bandwidth. The quasi-circulator using phase compensation has achieved good port-to-port isolation and wideband operation [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Wideband Quasi-Circulator Implemented by Cascading Distributed Balun With Phase Cancelation Technique

Tang

Lin

Hung

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This paper presents the implementation of a broadband quasi-circulator through a cascading distributed balun using a 90-nm CMOS process. The isolation, |S31|, of the proposed three-port quasi-circulator can be acquired through the phase cancelation technique, by connecting an additional distributed amplifier in parallel between ports 1 and 3. The thorough analysis based on an eight-port chain matrix and scattering matrix is presented for refining the circuit parameters in the initial design. Measured results show that the proposed quasi-circulator attains a broad operation bandwidth ranging from 10 to 67 GHz. Moreover, the quasi-circulator also has good insertion gain of 0.5 to 4.8 dB, as well as isolation |S31|, which is better than 23 dB. Consequently, the proposed quasicirculator delivers wide bandwidth performance, good port-toport isolations, good insertion gain, and high linearity based on the cascading distributed balun with phase cancelation technique.

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“…An RTPS in a GaAs MESFET process used active circulators and passive devices to obtain a decade-wide bandwidth, but exhibited a relatively high noise figure due to its common-mode feedback resistors [13]; another drawback is low output capability [14]. With continuing advances in silicon technology, active or quasi-active circulators are an attractive alternative for wideband phase shifters at frequencies less than 10 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflective-Type Phase Shifters for Multiple-Antenna Transceivers

Zarei¹,

Charles

Allstot

2007

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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A 10.5-GHz reflective-type phase shifter (RTPS) using resonant loads with L-match impedance transformation (RLT) is implemented in a 0.25-m SiGe BiCMOS process. A 2.4-GHz RTPS with RLT loads is also integrated in 0.18-m CMOS; it employs a negative resistance (NR) technique to reduce the loss by 5.9 dB compared to a conventional design that is also implemented. Several other 2.4-GHz reflective loads are fabricated in 0. 18-m CMOS including a Y-shaped dual RLT (DRLT).A transformation converts it from a Y-shape to a 1-shape and enables use of the NR technique in an RTPS with DRLT loads, wherein the loss is reduced by 10 dB and the phase shift range is increased to over 360 .Index Terms-Multiple-antenna transceivers, negative-resistance, reflective load, reflective-type phase shifter (RTPS), Y-1 impedance conversion.

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Noise and power optimization of a MMIC quasi-circulator

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

A new active quasi-circulator with wideband performance

A new active quasi-circulator with wideband performance

Ultra-Wideband Quasi-Circulator Implemented by Cascading Distributed Balun With Phase Cancelation Technique

Reflective-Type Phase Shifters for Multiple-Antenna Transceivers

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