Noise characteristics and prior expectations in human visual speed perception

Stocker, Alan A.; Simoncelli, Eero P.

doi:10.1038/nn1669

Cited by 704 publications

(835 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Moreover, the 184 speed component of our proposed mechanism suggests a neurally plausible way of encoding 185 perceptual priors in the same early cortical areas that provide sensory evidence [29,37].…”

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confidence: 80%

A Normalization Mechanism for Estimating Visual Motion across Speeds and Scales

et al. 2017

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confidence: 80%

A Normalization Mechanism for Estimating Visual Motion across Speeds and Scales

et al. 2017

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“…However, given that our participants will try to catch the ball, they might adapt the extrapolation process. Mrotek and Soechting (2007a) for instance showed that curvilinear target motion can be accurately extrapolated only if visual feedback of the post-occlusion path is provided, while de Lussanet et al (2001Lussanet et al ( , 2002 showed effects of target velocity in previous trials on the spatial features of hitting movements (see also Krauzlis and Adler 2001;Stocker and Simoncelli 2006). To anticipate, evidence for such adaptations during the blocked presentation of the occlusion conditions was indeed found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Adaptations of lateral hand movements to early and late visual occlusion in catching

et al. 2008

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Recent studies suggested that the control of hand movements in catching involves continuous visionbased adjustments. More insight into these adjustments may be gained by examining the effects of occluding different parts of the ball trajectory. Here, we examined the effects of such occlusion on lateral hand movements when catching balls approaching from different directions, with the occlusion conditions presented in blocks or in randomized order. The analyses showed that late occlusion only had an effect during the blocked presentation, and early occlusion only during the randomized presentation. During the randomized presentation movement biases were more leftward if the preceding trial was an early occlusion trial. The effect of early occlusion during the randomized presentation suggests that the observed leftward movement bias relates to the rightward visual acceleration inherent to the ball trajectories used, while its absence during the blocked presentation seems to reflect trial-by-trial adaptations in the visuomotor gain, reminiscent of dynamic gain control in the smooth pursuit system. The movement biases during the late occlusion block were interpreted in terms of an incomplete motion extrapolation-a reduction of the velocity gaincaused by the fact that participants never saw the to-beextrapolated part of the ball trajectory. These results underscore that continuous movement adjustments for catching do not only depend on visual information, but also on visuomotor adaptations based on non-visual information.

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“…Although one can always retrofit a statistical model to account for observed perceptual biases (as had been done for speed judgments) (17), the strong prediction of the probabilistic model of human perceptual inference is that observed biases (both to the mean and the preceding stimulus) will adapt to changes in the global statistics within a stimulus set. We tested this prediction for perceptual estimates of object speed used to plan hand movements to intercept a moving object (6,(14)(15)(16).…”

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confidence: 99%

The brain uses adaptive internal models of scene statistics for sensorimotor estimation and planning

Kwon

Knill

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Because of uncertainty and noise, the brain should use accurate internal models of the statistics of objects in scenes to interpret sensory signals. Moreover, the brain should adapt its internal models to the statistics within local stimulus contexts. Consider the problem of hitting a baseball. The impoverished nature of the visual information available makes it imperative that batters use knowledge of the temporal statistics and history of previous pitches to accurately estimate pitch speed. Using a laboratory analog of hitting a baseball, we tested the hypothesis that the brain uses adaptive internal models of the statistics of object speeds to plan hand movements to intercept moving objects. We fit Bayesian observer models to subjects' performance to estimate the statistical environments in which subjects' performance would be ideal and compared the estimated statistics with the true statistics of stimuli in an experiment. A first experiment showed that subjects accurately estimated and used the variance of object speeds in a stimulus set to time hitting behavior but also showed serial biases that are suboptimal for stimuli that were uncorrelated over time. A second experiment showed that the strength of the serial biases depended on the temporal correlations within a stimulus set, even when the biases were estimated from uncorrelated stimulus pairs subsampled from the larger set. Taken together, the results show that subjects adapted their internal models of the variance and covariance of object speeds within a stimulus set to plan interceptive movements but retained a bias to positive correlations.Bayesian inference | motion perception | statistical learning | sequential effects

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Noise characteristics and prior expectations in human visual speed perception

Cited by 704 publications

References 46 publications

A Normalization Mechanism for Estimating Visual Motion across Speeds and Scales

A Normalization Mechanism for Estimating Visual Motion across Speeds and Scales

Adaptations of lateral hand movements to early and late visual occlusion in catching

The brain uses adaptive internal models of scene statistics for sensorimotor estimation and planning

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