Noise-equivalent sensitivity of photoacoustics

Winkler, Amy M.; Maslov, Konstantin; Wang, Lihong V.

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.18.9.097003

Cited by 113 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Various groups have used this high endogenous contrast for demonstrating photoacoustic imaging of single red blood cells using time-domain PAM [4][5][6][7][8] . Frequency-domain PAM of red blood cells has been demonstrated by Winkler et al 9 and Langer et al 3 . Pulsed laser sources employed for PAM usually are rather expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Photoacoustic microscopy of single cells employing an intensity-modulated diode laser

Langer

Buchegger

Jacak

et al. 2018

Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2018

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Photoacoustic microscopy of single cells employing an intensity-modulated diode laser

Langer

Buchegger

Jacak

et al. 2018

Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2018

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“…[18]): temperature T = 300 K, preamplifier noise factor F = 2, detector efficiency η = 0.5 (-3 dB achievable for resonant detectors), specific acoustic impedance of tissue/water Z = 1.5·10 6 Pa·s/m, and detector area A det = 1 cm 2 , same as for the UOT case above. This gives a NEP of approximately 20 µPa/ √ H z.…”

Section: Photo-acoustic Tomography (Pat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this region of interest where the pressure was generated, the now acoustic signal has to travel out to the surface in order to be detected by microphones, and in this process the wave expands, losing pressure amplitude approximately linearly with distance [18]. The pressure signal at the surface must now be compared with the various noise sources.…”

Section: Photo-acoustic Tomography (Pat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the potential for non-invasive imaging of oxygenation at heart depth, using ultrasound optical tomography (UOT) or photo-acoustic tomography (PAT)

Walther¹,

Rippe²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Despite the important medical implications, it is currently an open task to find optical non-invasive techniques that can image deep organs in humans. Addressing this, photo-acoustic tomography (PAT) has received a great deal of attention in the past decade, owing to favorable properties like high contrast and high spatial resolution. However, even with optimal components PAT cannot penetrate beyond a few centimeters, which still presents an important limitation of the technique. Here, we calculate the absorption contrast levels for PAT and for ultrasound optical tomography (UOT) and compare them to their relevant noise sources as a function of imaging depth. The results indicate that a new development in optical filters, based on rare-earth-ion crystals, can push the UOT technique significantly ahead of PAT. Such filters allow the contrastto-noise ratio for UOT to be up to three orders of magnitude better than for PAT at depths of a few cm into the tissue. It also translates into a significant increase of the image depth of UOT compared to PAT, enabling deep organs to be imaged in humans in real time. Furthermore, such spectral holeburning filters are not sensitive to speckle decorrelation from the tissue and can operate at nearly any angle of incident light, allowing good light collection. We theoretically demonstrate the improved performance in the medically important case of non-invasive optical imaging of the oxygenation level of the frontal part of the human myocardial tissue. Our results indicate that further studies on UOT are of interest and that the technique may have large impact on future directions of biomedical optics.

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“…3 that the cavity bandwidth, and therefore the sensitivity of the all-optical sensor is determined by the distance between mirrors and the finesse. Hence, for resonators with different mirror distances, identical sensitivities can be achieved in practice by choosing mirror reflectivity accordingly, and there is no inherent performance penalty for miniaturization, which is not the case for piezoelectric transducers [20,21]. Figure 1(b) contains a sketch of the sensor head.…”

Section: All-optical Akinetic Sensor and Its Detection Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

All-optical highly sensitive akinetic sensor for ultrasound detection and photoacoustic imaging

Preißer¹,

Rohringer²,

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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A novel all-optical akinetic ultrasound sensor, consisting of a rigid, fiber-coupled Fabry-Pérot etalon with a transparent central opening is presented. The sensing principle relies exclusively on the detection of pressure-induced changes of the refractive index in the fluid filling the Fabry-Pérot cavity. This enables resonance-free, inherently linear signal detection over a broad bandwidth. We demonstrate that the sensor achieves a exceptionally low peak noise equivalent pressure (NEP) values of 2 Pa over a 20 MHz measurement bandwidth (without signal averaging), while maintaining a flat frequency response, and a detection bandwidth up to 22.5 MHz (-6 dB). The measured large full field of view of the sensor is 2.7 mm × 1.3 mm and the dynamic range is 137 dB/ √ Hz or 63 dB at 20 MHz bandwidth. For different required amplitude ranges the upper amplitude detection limit can be customized from at least 2 kPa to 2 MPa by using cavity mirrors with a lower optical reflectivity. Imaging tests on a resolution target and on biological tissue show the excellent suitability of the akinetic sensor for optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) applications. functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action," Nat. Methods 12, 407-410 (2015). 7. L. Xi, C. Song, and H. Jiang, "Confocal photoacoustic microscopy using a single multifunctional lens," Opt. Lett. 39, 3328-3331 (2014). 8. J. Gateau, A. Chekkoury, and V. Ntziachristos, "Ultra-wideband three-dimensional optoacoustic tomography," Opt.Lett. 38, 4671-4674 (2013). 9. C. Zhang, T. Ling, S.-L. Chen, and L. J. Guo, "Ultrabroad bandwidth and highly sensitive optical ultrasonic detector for photoacoustic imaging," ACS Photonics 1, 1093-1098 (2014). 10. E. Zhang, J. Laufer, and P. Beard, "Backward-mode multiwavelength photoacoustic scanner using a planar Fabry-Pérot polymer film ultrasound sensor for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of biological tissues," Appl. Opt. photoacoustic microscopy using a digital micromirror device," Opt. Lett. 38, 1683-2686 (2013).

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Noise-equivalent sensitivity of photoacoustics

Cited by 113 publications

References 29 publications

Photoacoustic microscopy of single cells employing an intensity-modulated diode laser

Photoacoustic microscopy of single cells employing an intensity-modulated diode laser

Analysis of the potential for non-invasive imaging of oxygenation at heart depth, using ultrasound optical tomography (UOT) or photo-acoustic tomography (PAT)

All-optical highly sensitive akinetic sensor for ultrasound detection and photoacoustic imaging

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