Noise Induces Hypothyroidism and Gonadal Dysfunction Via Stimulation of Pineal–Adrenal Axis in Chicks

Ray, Prajna Paramita; Chatterjee, Tania; Roy, S. K.; Rakshit, Suvojit; Bhowmik, Madhumita; Guha, J.; Maity, Aniruddha; Saha, Indraneel; Bhowal, Ankur; Chatterjee, Aniruddha; Sarkar, Sobhan; Nag, Debabrata; Maiti, B. R.

doi:10.1007/s12595-016-0180-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The study by Ray et al showed that thyroid activity of rats reduced when they were exposed to chronic noise. This study showed that the changes in these hormones were dependent on sound dosage (37). Also, the study conducted by Mohammadi et al showed that exposure to sound significantly reduced the level of T3 and T4 in rats (38), which is consistent with the results of the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluating the Effects of Noise Pollution on the Levels of Blood Cortisol, Testosterone, and Thyroid in Male Wistar Rats

et al. 2021

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Background: Noise pollution is a global problem causing changes in the secretion of various hormones and consequently affecting social well-being and quality of life in cities. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of noise pollution on the levels of testosterone, thyroid, and cortisol hormones in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 70 male Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) were randomly assigned into one control and six experimental groups, with 10 rats in each group. Experimental groups were exposed to noise with different intensity (dB) and time (min) as follows: (I) 60 dB, 30 min; (II) 60 dB, 60 min; (III) 85 dB, 30 min; (IV) 85 dB, 60 min; (V) 110 dB, 30 min; (VI) 110 dB, 60 min; (VII) controls. Animals in the experimental groups were exposed to noise in an acoustic chamber designed for this purpose for 50 days. The Noise.exe software was used to generate noise, and the sound level meter (model TES 1358) was used to determine the accuracy of the intensity and frequency of sound. To determine plasma levels of the hormones, appropriate research and commercial kits were used, which were based on the ELISA method. To determine the concentration of hormones other than TSH, human assay kits were used. All statistical tests were performed in SPSS software version 21. Results: Serum levels of cortisol in the 110-dB (30 and 60 min), 65-dB (60 min), and 85-dB (60 min) groups were significantly higher than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Also, cortisol levels in the 65-dB and 85-dB (30 minutes) groups were higher than the control group; however, the increase was not significant (P > 0.05). The levels of T4, T3, and TSH in the 60-dB and 85-dB groups were significantly lower than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The serum levels of T4, T3, and TSH hormones in the 110-dB group were insignificantly lower than the control group (P > 0.05). The serum level of testosterone in the 110-dB group was significantly lower than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The mean serum levels of testosterone in the 65-dB and 85-dB groups were insignificantly lower than the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on this study, exposure to noise pollution increased cortisol secretion and decreased T4, T3, TSH, and testosterone levels in rats. As this hormonal imbalance may create direct and indirect effects, studies and strategies are recommended to control the imbalance of hormones in the polluted environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluating the Effects of Noise Pollution on the Levels of Blood Cortisol, Testosterone, and Thyroid in Male Wistar Rats

et al. 2021

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“…Pineal is known to act as antigonadal in most of the animals studied (5,(22)(23)(24) which is also confirmed from the present findings, because pineal activity was stimulated with testicular dysfunction following metabolic stress, after arecoline treatment in metabolic stress or after arecoline treatment in rats. Melatonin receptors are reported to be present in the Leydig cells (25) and in the prostate epithelium (26).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Arecoline Cannot Alter Pineal-Testicular Responses to Metabolic Stress in Wistar Rats

et al. 2018

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Context. Betel nut is consumed by millions of people for stress reduction and increased capacity to work. One of its components is arecoline which is useful for Alzheimer and schizophrenia; it also influences endocrine and gonadal functions.Objective. Objective is to examine whether arecoline can influence pineal-testicular function in metabolic stress.Design. Rats were deprived of food or water or treated them with arecoline, each separately for 5 days.Subjects. Pineal and testis with sex accessories were studied.Methods. Ultrastructural (pineal, testis, Leydig cells and prostate), hormonal (melatonin and testosterone) and other parameters (fructose and sialic acid) were examined. Pineal indoleamines were quantitated by fluorometric method; testosterone by ELISA, and carbohydrate fractions by spectrophotometric methods.Results. Inanition/ water deprivation caused pineal stimulation ultrastructurally (with enlarged synaptic ribbons) and elevation of melatonin level, but reproductive dysfunction by ultrastructural degeneration of Leydig cells and prostate with fall of testosterone, fructose and sialic acid concentrations. Arecoline treatment showed reversed changes to those of metabolic stress, but arecoline treatment in metabolic stress showed same results as in metabolic stress.Conclusion. The findings suggest that arecoline cannot alter the action of metabolic stress on pineal-testicular activity in rats.

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“…The exposure of the chicks to the dog barking sound was an acute noise treatment. A study on the effect of noise on chicks investigated the neuroendocrine interaction during noise stress (45). Both the effects of acute noises and chronic noise were tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Chicks’ Emotions: Are Eye Blinks & Facial Temperatures Reliable Indicators?

Pijpers

Heuvel

Duncan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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For objective evaluation, monitoring and management of poultry welfare, novel non-invasive indicators, proxies, and iceberg indicators of stress is required. Using thermal imaging and video imaging, we explored animal-based indicators such as eye blinks and facial temperatures of chicks as measures of stress. Routinely collected video data from poultry commercial farms has the potential to be digitized by Artificial Intelligence and the combination of indicators of stress be analyzed in the development of welfare assessment protocols. Monitoring facial temperature variations via infrared imaging and blinking frequency of chickens could be a sensitive metric that may offer insights on the stressful environments. The identification of relevant poultry welfare indicators to improve welfare assessment such as the iceberg indicators are essential to monitor welfare at both small scale and large-scale industrial poultry production facilities. In commercial farming systems, chicks are reared without a mother. This absence of maternal influence can cause welfare problems when the chicks become older. Chicks imprint on their mothers they are young, and this mediates their stress and fear response. It is important to recognise problems early in the development of chicks to avoid welfare issues when they are older. One way to assess welfare is by measuring affective states. Research has shown chickens can display empathy, both towards their offspring and towards conspecifics. Measures of negative and positive affective states, either behavioural or physiological, could be good welfare indicators. This study employed non-invasive methods to measure affective states in laying hen chicks. Using video and thermal imaging, it analysed temperature changes in the peripheral areas and head region as well as changes in blinking behaviour before and after exposure to a stressor. The prediction was that the temperature would decrease in the eye and peripheral regions in response to a stressor and that the blinking rate would decrease. These changes would be indicative of a negative affective state. The results showed that the eye temperature as well as the blinking rate both decreased, whereas the temperature in the head region and the beak area increased. These results could be indicative of a negative affective state.

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Noise Induces Hypothyroidism and Gonadal Dysfunction Via Stimulation of Pineal–Adrenal Axis in Chicks

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluating the Effects of Noise Pollution on the Levels of Blood Cortisol, Testosterone, and Thyroid in Male Wistar Rats

Evaluating the Effects of Noise Pollution on the Levels of Blood Cortisol, Testosterone, and Thyroid in Male Wistar Rats

Arecoline Cannot Alter Pineal-Testicular Responses to Metabolic Stress in Wistar Rats

Understanding Chicks’ Emotions: Are Eye Blinks & Facial Temperatures Reliable Indicators?

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