Noise processes in nanomechanical resonators

Cleland, A. N.; Roukes, M. L.

doi:10.1063/1.1499745

Cited by 424 publications

(456 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…On top of the colour-scale map, a contour map with white dashed lines is shown, to indicate the positions of the peaks and dips of the ringdown signals that are recorded offresonance. The, dashed lines indicate the expected peak and dip positions with a periodicity of 1 Df , where Df ¼ f 0 À f d is the detuning relative from the mechanical resonance position. As can be seen from the two-dimentional colour map, the dashed lines follow the observed peak/dip positions, confirming that the oscillating ringdown signal is indeed from the mechanical resonator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of decoherence in a carbon nanotube mechanical resonator

et al. 2014

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In physical systems, decoherence can arise from both dissipative and dephasing processes. In mechanical resonators, the driven frequency response measures a combination of both, whereas time-domain techniques such as ringdown measurements can separate the two. Here we report the first observation of the mechanical ringdown of a carbon nanotube mechanical resonator. Comparing the mechanical quality factor obtained from frequency-and time-domain measurements, we find a spectral quality factor four times smaller than that measured in ringdown, demonstrating dephasing-induced decoherence of the nanomechanical motion. This decoherence is seen to arise at high driving amplitudes, pointing to a nonlinear dephasing mechanism. Our results highlight the importance of time-domain techniques for understanding dissipation in nanomechanical resonators, and the relevance of decoherence mechanisms in nanotube mechanics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, dissipation in a mechanical oscillator or quantum system corresponds to a loss of energy over time [1][2][3] . The distinction between decoherence and dissipation is often overlooked when studying the quality factor of a mechanical resonator.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of decoherence in a carbon nanotube mechanical resonator

et al. 2014

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“…The data in Fig. 2(a) shows that the absolute value of the fractional frequency shifts induced by the TMV adsorption are ,10 24 , which can be measured in air and more precisely in vacuum 22 . The sign can be positive or negative depending on the adsorption position as described above.…”

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confidence: 92%

Physics of Nanomechanical Spectrometry of Viruses

Ruz¹,

Tamayo²,

Pini³

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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There is an emerging need of nanotools able to quantify the mechanical properties of single biological entities. A promising approach is the measurement of the shifts of the resonant frequencies of ultrathin cantilevers induced by the adsorption of the studied biological systems. Here, we present a detailed theoretical analysis to calculate the resonance frequency shift induced by the mechanical stiffness of viral nanotubes. The model accounts for the high surface-to-volume ratio featured by single biological entities, the shape anisotropy and the interfacial adhesion. The model is applied to the case in which tobacco mosaic virus is randomly delivered to a silicon nitride cantilever. The theoretical framework opens the door to a novel paradigm for biological spectrometry as well as for measuring the Young's modulus of biological systems with minimal strains.I t is increasingly evident the intimate link between the mechanical properties of biological systems and its role in fundamental biological processes and disease 1 . This link spans from the molecular scale to the tissue scale. For example, the elasticity of cells has become a reliable indicator of cell transformation into cancerous or metastatic cells [2][3] . Similarly, recent reports have demonstrated the biological relevance of the mechanical properties of viruses. Viruses are able to dynamically modulate their mechanical properties in response to external forces, so as to withstand those forces or to ease cell infection 4 . For instance, in the human immunodeficiency and murine leukemia viruses, the stiffness largely decreases during the maturation process, acting as a mechanical switch for the infection process 5 . Strikingly, a single point mutation in the capsid protein of some viruses can significantly change their elasticity 6 . It is therefore fundamental the development of nanotools that enable the accurate quantification of the nanomechanical properties of single biological entities with high throughput. These tools can provide new insights on how the structural conformation, biological function, and mechanical properties of biomolecules and their hierarchical assemblies are related each other. The most prominent method to measure the mechanical properties of biological entities has been so far nanoindentation with the cantilever/tip assembly of an atomic force microscope (AFM) 7 . However, a number of challenges exist with the AFM for the quantification of the mechanical properties. Mainly, the nanoindentation curves strongly depend on the nanometer-scale geometry of the tip/sample contact, which in most of the cases cannot be controlled. Other difficulties include the contribution of the underlying substrate, the effect of adhesion, non-linear loading and the lack of accurate theoretical models.We envisage a novel biological spectrometry technique based on the measurement of several vibration modes of ultrathin micro-and nanocantilevers for the identification of adsorbed biomolecules and biological systems by two coordinates: the mass 8-11 an...

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“…The supplementary information [13] also contains analyses of the principal noise sources limiting coupled-NEMS BTA performance. These indicate that very significant enhancement, ultimately limited by fundamental noise sources, should be attainable [16]. In this limit, we estimate that charge sensitivity will improve to a level of order $0:5e= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p for our current device at room temperature, and $10 À5 e= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p for an optimized device with GHz frequency and reduced capacitance, operating at cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: Prl 106 094102 (2011) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Signal amplification through bifurcation in nanoresonators

Dykman¹

2011

Physics

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We describe a novel amplification scheme based on inducing dynamical changes to the topology of a bifurcation diagram of a simple nonlinear dynamical system. We have implemented a first bifurcationtopology amplifier using a coupled pair of parametrically driven high-frequency nanoelectromechanical systems resonators, demonstrating robust small-signal amplification. The principles that underlie bifurcation-topology amplification are simple and generic, suggesting its applicability to a wide variety of physical, chemical, and biological systems.

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Noise processes in nanomechanical resonators

Cited by 424 publications

References 21 publications

Observation of decoherence in a carbon nanotube mechanical resonator

Observation of decoherence in a carbon nanotube mechanical resonator

Physics of Nanomechanical Spectrometry of Viruses

Signal amplification through bifurcation in nanoresonators

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