Noisy Light Augments the Na+ Current in Somatosensory Pyramidal Neurons of Optogenetic Transgenic Mice

Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation Modulates Neural Processing of Sensory and Motor Circuits, from Potential Cellular Mechanisms to Behavior: A Scoping Review

“…The SR mechanism has been confirmed for neural systems and has been argued to be beneficial for neural processing by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. For example, potentials evoked by experimental stimuli were enhanced by the optimal level of optogenetic noise photostimulation ( Huidobro et al, 2017 ), acting on the Na + current ( Mabil et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, the electrical RNS delivered to neurons in rat hippocampal slices increased extracellular electrical activity ( Gluckman et al, 1996 ) and enhanced their firing activity for a particular noise level ( Stacey and Durand, 2000 ).…”

“…The SR mechanism has been confirmed for neural systems and has been argued to be beneficial for neural processing by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. For example, potentials evoked by experimental stimuli were enhanced by the optimal level of optogenetic noise photostimulation (Huidobro et al, 2017), acting on the Na + current (Mabil et al, 2020).…”

Biophotonic Strategies of Measurement and Stimulation of the Cranial and the Extracranial Lymphatic Drainage Function

“…Tissue temperature linearly increases with a light power reaching an average value of 0.03 • C at 1 mW and 0.4 • C at 13 mW. In contrast, optogenetic photostimulation can produce physiological responses in cells in the brain not associated with light-induced temperature changes, at least at a range below 0.67 mW [159]. We expect that all these selective techniques could allow more detailed research the specific mechanisms underlying ILILT as effective photostimulation treatment in the cribriform-lymphatic-plate obstruction".…”

“…Among the optogenetic methods, a technique called "optogenetic noise-photostimulation" [157], [158] could be useful to determine the optimal light intensity of light for lymphatic photostimulation. For instance, Mabil et al demonstrated that a light intensities below 0.67 mW allows to avoid opto nongenetics related responses due to light-induced temperature changes [159].…”