2013
DOI: 10.1111/jop.12079
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Noma (cancrum oris) in the South African context

Abstract: Noma (cancrum oris) is a destructive necrotising disease affecting orofacial tissues predominantly of malnourished young children. It is characterised by a rapid acute onset which usually starts in the mouth, spreads intra-orally destroying soft tissue and bone and progresses to perforate the facial skin, causing disfigurement. Polybacterial anaerobic infection is critical too, but is not alone sufficient for the initiation of noma. Cofactors, first and foremost malnutrition, but also systemic viral and bacter… Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(75 citation statements)
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“…Access to health care in this part of Nigeria is difficult, especially in the rainy season, as poor infrastructure makes transportation to health facilities challenging. A lack of access to healthcare has been widely reported as a risk factor for noma development [4,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35], and our results add weight to these assertions in that caretakers mention the difficulties they experienced accessing care for this disease. The rapid progression of noma, lack of access to care, and the delays caused by caretakers having to progress through several facilities (clinics or traditional healers), means that resulting morbidity and mortality can be severe.…”
Section: Risk and Consequences Of Nomasupporting
confidence: 75%
“…Access to health care in this part of Nigeria is difficult, especially in the rainy season, as poor infrastructure makes transportation to health facilities challenging. A lack of access to healthcare has been widely reported as a risk factor for noma development [4,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35], and our results add weight to these assertions in that caretakers mention the difficulties they experienced accessing care for this disease. The rapid progression of noma, lack of access to care, and the delays caused by caretakers having to progress through several facilities (clinics or traditional healers), means that resulting morbidity and mortality can be severe.…”
Section: Risk and Consequences Of Nomasupporting
confidence: 75%
“…Well water has a high risk of contamination from nearby pit latrines or livestock, 46 and the consumption of contaminated well water is a risk factor for diarrhoea, 47 which in turn is an identified comorbidity for children with noma. 48 Vaccination coverage in all eligible children included in the study was low. Even though this result prevented us from exploring whether vaccination is associated with noma prevention, it does confirm findings from other studies in rural Sokoto State, where up to 70% of children were not vaccinated against measles and other common childhood diseases.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Management and treatment of noma depends on its progress. While early stages can be treated with antibiotics, nutritional supplementation as well as improvements in oral hygiene, later stages require professional care and surgery [ 2 , 3 , 8 ]. Mortality rates, if untreated, are thought to be around 80–90%.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%