“…Consequently, imperfect SIC, where the residual interference (RI) arising from incorrectly decoded users' messages inevitably remains and accumulates, should be considered in the system model. Recently, numerous researchers have analyzed the performance of NOMA with imperfect SIC [9], [10], [11], [12]. However, in untrusted secure NOMA, a few research works, e.g., [7], [8], have considered the impact of RI on receivers but with different drawbacks, as will be discussed in the following.…”