Nomenclature 2014: Amyloid fibril proteins and clinical classification of the amyloidosis

Amyloid fibril proteins and amyloidosis: chemical identification and clinical classification International Society of Amyloidosis 2016 Nomenclature Guidelines

“…The designations ATTRwt and ATTRm amyloidosis may be used for WT and hereditary ATTR amyloidosis, respectively. This chemically based nomenclature has been adopted by the World Health Organization [9] and consistently recommended by the ISA Nomenclature Committee (reviewed in reference [10]). It is of utmost importance to use the chemically based nomenclature, e.g.…”

Leukocyte Cell–Derived Chemotaxin 2–Associated Amyloidosis

“…Amyloid deposits characteristically stain with Congo red and show anomalous color change (so-called applegreen birefringence) when examined under polarized light. Thirty-one precursor proteins of amyloid have been identified so far (1). Amyloidosis can be systemic or localized.…”

Supersaturation-limited and Unlimited Phase Transitions Compete to Produce the Pathway Complexity in Amyloid Fibrillation

“…The dominant secondary structure is a cross-␤ structure stabilized by an ordered hydrogen bond network. Although they were found to be associated with Ͼ30 types of amyloidoses, including dialysis-related amyloidosis caused by ␤ 2 -microglobulin (␤2m) 4 (4), various proteins not associated with diseases have also been shown to form amyloid fibrils, indicating that amyloid fibrillation is a generic property of denatured proteins (1). Previous studies proposed that amyloid fibrils formed in the supersaturated solutions of precursor proteins through a nucleation and growth mechanism that was characterized by a lag phase or via seed-dependent growth without a lag phase (5-7).…”